Mahatma Gandhi Quotes Essay -- Mohandas Gandhi Essays

Gandhi Quotes Woman is the companion of man, gifted with equal mental capacities. She has the right to participate in the minutest details in the activities of man, and she has an equal right of freedom and liberty with him. Hatred ever kills, love never dies such is the vast difference between the two. What is obtained by love is retained for all time. What is obtained by hatred proves a burden in reality for it increases hatred. Fear of death makes us devoid both of heroism and religion. For want of valour is want of religious faith. There are times when you have to obey a call which is the highest of all, i.e. the voice of conscience even though such obedience may cost many a bitter tear, and even more, separation from friends, from family, from the state to which you may belong, from all that you have held as good as life itself. For this obedience is the law of our being. Insistence on truth underside come into play when iodin party practises untruth or injustice. just then can love be tested. True friendship is put to the test only when one party disregards the obligation of friendship. The test of friendship is financial aid in adversity, and that too, unconditional assistance. Co-operation which needs consideration is a commercial contract and not friendship. Conditional co-operation is like adulterated cement which does not bind. It may be long before the law of love will be recognised in international affairs. The machineries of government stand between and hide the hearts of one people from those of another. A vow is a purely religious act which cannot be taken in a fit of passion. It can be taken only wi... ...ll. My work will be finished if I succeed in carrying conviction to the human family, that every man or woman, however promiscuous in body, is the guardian of his or her self-respect and liberty, and that this defence prevails, though the world be against the individual r esister. Confession of errors is like a broom which sweeps away the squat and leaves the surface brighter and clearer. I feel stronger for confession. I worship God as Truth only. I have not yet found Him, but I am seeking after Him. I am prepared to sacrifice the things dearest to me in pursuit of this quest. Even if the sacrifice demanded my very life, I desire I may be prepared to give it. We do not need to proselytise either by our speech or by our writing. We can only do so really with our lives. Let our lives be open books for all to study.

The Purpose of Vegetarianism :: Healthy Lifestyle Essay

Being a strict vegetarian means making the choice to eat absolutely no meat, poultry, or fish. The health risks of being a vegetarian was a major concern, but it has been proven that non-meat foods can provide all the nutrients necessary for a healthy, get it on diet. Jeanne Peters, R.D., the former nutrition specialist to Pritikin Systems, argues that Ascience has proved that a plant-based diet is the healthiest (Finn 1). Many scientific studies have also proven that meat dramatically raises blood hug and increases health risks such as heart attacks and cancers. Also, growing concerns over environmental protection, personal health, and moral and ethical beliefs often lead to vegetarianism. According to national polls, in the U.S. alone Athere are 12.5 million vegetariansB 7 percent of the population (Finn 1). Concerns are rising about the relationship between meat exertion and our environment. Beef production is a very inefficient way to produce protein. The amount of grain whi ch is needed to Aprovide four people with one serving of hamburgers could feed one person for over a week (R.F.B.V. 1). In Alberta Amore than 50% of the grain grown is fed to livestock (R.F.B.V. 3). This 50% of grain could definitely be put to a great deal better uses in a world where people starve to death every day. In fact, Aproduction of the least energy-efficient plant foods are nearly ten measure more efficient as the production of the most energy-efficient animal foods (Finn 2). For example, one acre of land planted with legumes yields ten times more available protein than if that same acre was use for meat production. Furthermore, the production of meat wastes massive amounts of water AIt takes an average of 10 tons of waterBthe amount a small town uses for all purposes in a month. An average chicken processing plant uses 100 million gallons of water in just one day enough to provide a association of 25,000 people for one day (R.F.B.V. 3). Not only is meat production wast ing valuable production means, but it is also polluting our air. Cattle are a main source of methane gas, which is rapidly destroying our ozone layer. Vegetarians often replace meat and dairy foods with soy products. These foods are highly nutritional and contain disease-fighting properties. The National Cancer get has Aidentified specific substances in soy products called phytochemical that have anticancer properties (Finn 7). In 1994, the British Medical Journal announced that researchers have examined 12-year mortality rates of non-meat eaters and meat-eating retain groups and found that cancer deaths were 40 percent less common among vegetarians then meat eaters.

Mr. Collins’ and Mr. Darcy’s first proposals to Elizabeth. How do they :: Free Essay Writer

Mr. Collins and Mr. Darcys first proposals to Elizabeth. How do they style and the content of the proposals reflect on how these collar characters atomic number 18 portrayed in the rest of the novel. In what ways are attitudes to union different from today? Pride and Prejudice===================Compare and contrast of Mr. Collins and Mr. Darcys first proposalsto Elizabeth. How do they style and the content of the proposalsreflect on how these three characters are portrayed in the rest of thenovel. In what ways are attitudes to marriage different from today?Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice reveals the importance of socialstatus and how marriages affected women at that time. The agree openswith the words, It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a singleman in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. Thisimplies that the chief interest in the book will be marriage. Themain character is Elizabeth Bennet who, unlike Charlotte Lucas, doesnot want to marry only for a comfortable and to avoid the stigma ofnot being married, but also for love. There is a big contrast betweenMr Collins and Darcys proposal and give us insight into these threecharacter.Mr. Collins is a figure of comedy in this novel. He is described asnot a sensible man, and the deficiency of nature had been but itsy-bitsyassisted by education or society. He speaks in a very formal wayindeed. He is a picture of vainglory and obsequiousness, self-importanceand humility At Longbourn having been told that Jane was likely tomarry Mr. Bingley, Mr. Collins decides to propose to Elizabeth Bennet,having no feelings of diffidence with all his solemn composurebecause he supposes this is only a regular part of business.First, he asks for a toffee-nosed conversation with Elizabeth. BeforeElizabeth has met Mr. Collins, she was chiefly struck with hisextraordinary deference for Lady Catherine de Bourgh, but aft(prenominal) shesees him, her dislike towards Collins is even stronger. At th eNetherfield ball, Mr. Collins requests the first two dances withElizabeth that let her feel herself completely taken in. In themeantime, she also realizes that her get is planning a marriage forher, but she has never expected this proposal. Therefore, thisproposal gives Elizabeth a blush of surprise. She immediately triesto avoid for not having a private conversation with Mr. Collins andsays I am going away myself which shows she wants to escape from theembarrassment. However, her mother insists upon Elizabeth staying andhearing Mr. Collins.

Jane Eyre :: essays research papers

In the story of Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte, Mr. Broklehurst becomes a very controversial character that Jane encounters early in the story. Mr. Broklehurst, a rather annoying clergyman, feels that he has a specific goal. His goal, at least in his eyes, is to save the otherwise lost souls of his girls in the institution, but in reality he is trying to hurl the girls to his own vision rather than Gods. For starters, he thinks that his depiction of what is good and evil is the same as Gods. He, in a sense, thinks he knows exactly what immortal knows. The only way that would work would be if he though he was God, right? He limits the girls appearance and he is very selective on what the girls should and should not eat for religions spiritual purposes. Mr. Brocklehurst feels that for spiritual reasons and to follow the motto of Lowood which says, Let your light shine before men that they may see your good works, and predicate your Father which is in heaven- (St. Matt. v. 16.)He mu st limit the appearance of the girls. He had Julia Severn, a girl of natural curls, cut her fuzz off. When Miss Temple had assay to rationalize with Mr. Brocklehurst and tell him that her hair is natural he replies and says,Naturally Yes, but we are not to conform to nature I wish these girls to be the children of embroider and why that abundance? I have again and again intimated that I desire the hair to be arranged closely, modestly, plainly. Miss Temple, that girls hair must be cut off entirely I will send a barber to-morrow and I see others who have far as well much of the excrescence- that tall girl, tell her to turn round. Tell all the first form to rise up and direct their faces to the wall. (pg. 55)This quote leads me to think who are the girls cerebrate to follow the motto of, Gods or his? And in all honesty, I dont feel that God would think a individual impure if they had curly red hair. Especially considering the fact that it is natural, meaning from God. He is very p icky of what they should eat. I really dont believe that god would condemn you if you had an extra piece of bread but there again you have Mr.

Free Merchant of Venice Essays: Noble and Worthy Jessica? :: Merchant Venice Essays

Noble and Worthy Jessica?          While researching for this paper I reviewed numerous essays, assessments, and commentaries concerning The Merchant of Venice. One essay used the terms noble and worthy in relation to Jessica.  The author stated that sometimes what they the characters of the play sell out for is worthy and shows them to be noble (Jessica for example).  The author goes on to say that Shylocks reasons for selling out reckon ignoble.  Those statements re every(prenominal)y got me thinking, so I strolled over to my trusty dictionary to look up noble and worthy.    Noble--1. a possessing outstanding qualities.             2 of high birth or exalted rank.             3. a possessing very high or excellent qualities or properties. Worthy-1. a having worth or value.              &n bsp          Merriam Websters Collegiate Dictionary (10th edition)               The most common intension of noble, in my opinion, is a combination of the first and third listings.  While Jessica certainly fits the second meaning listed of noble and the meaning of worthy (financially everyway), I didnt see any proof of her being such an outstanding person or possessing very high or excellent qualities within the context of this play.  She may very well be a wonderful person, but I didnt see anything that would lead me to that conclusion in the play itself.  Lets look at the facts.  Jessica robs her father of all the jewels and notes she can carry to marry Lorenzo.  She casts aside her religion as if it were an old hat.  The only outstanding quality I see is that she can do all this without the slightest remorse.             We are told by Jessica that Shylocks house is hell, but within the play I did not see any proof of this (II.iii.2).  It is true that Shylock did not spang which to weep for more, his daughter or his ducats, but does that make that house a hell?  Because we didnt see what life was like in the house, we can only fool Jessicas word for it.  I, for one, am not terribly comfortable with her word as she has proven herself to be a thief and liar already.  How do we know she isnt middling an incredibly ungrateful daughter blinded by love (as she herself proclaimed love to be a blinding force--II.vi.36)?             Frankly, Shakespeare did not give us lots to work with as far as

Free Merchant of Venice Essays: Noble and Worthy Jessica? :: Merchant Venice Essays

Noble and Worthy Jessica?          While researching for this paper I reviewed numerous essays, assessments, and commentaries concerning The Merchant of Venice. sensation essay used the terms noble and worthy in relation to Jessica.  The author stated that sometimes what they the characters of the play sell out for is worthy and shows them to be noble (Jessica for example).  The author goes on to say that Shylocks reasons for selling out seem ignoble.  Those statements really got me thinking, so I strolled over to my trusty dictionary to account up noble and worthy.    Noble--1. a possessing undischarged qualities.             2 of high birth or exalted rank.             3. a possessing very high or excellent qualities or properties. Worthy-1. a having worth or value.               &nb sp         Merriam Websters collegiate Dictionary (10th edition)               The most common connotation of noble, in my opinion, is a combination of the first and third listings.  While Jessica certainly fits the second signification listed of noble and the meaning of worthy (financially anyway), I didnt see any validation of her being such an outstanding person or possessing very high or excellent qualities within the context of this play.  She may very well be a wonderful person, but I didnt see anything that would lead me to that conclusion in the play itself.  Lets look at the facts.  Jessica robs her father of all the jewels and money she can carry to marry Lorenzo.  She casts aside her religion as if it were an old hat.  The only outstanding quality I see is that she can do all this without the slightest remorse.             We are told by Jessica that Shylocks house is hell, but within the play I did not see any proof of this (II.iii.2).  It is true that Shylock did not know which to weep for more, his daughter or his ducats, but does that make that house a hell?  Because we didnt see what life was manage in the house, we can only take Jessicas word for it.  I, for one, am not terribly comfortable with her word as she has proven herself to be a burglar and liar already.  How do we know she isnt just an incredibly ungrateful daughter blinded by love (as she herself proclaimed love to be a eye-popping force--II.vi.36)?             Frankly, Shakespeare did not give us much to work with as far as

Best practices when offshoring business intelligence Essay

Ted Kempf in his article in VarBusiness credits Gartner Dataquest with the following definition for Business intuition a user-centered process for of exploring data, data relationships and tr removes, thereby helping improve overall decision making (Kempf, 2001). US companies today are setting up telephone line- wisdom engineering for the purpose of processing the incessant flow of information they receive. These companies gather this information so they keister maintain and build customer relationships and make sound business decisions in a timely manner.A Gartner Dataquest study revealed that the primary reason for companies investing in business-intelligence applications is to ensure they have available the information to assist them in making real-time business decisions. Even though the current trend is to outsource IT initiatives overseas to save costs, the rationale in doing the same for business intelligence is questionable. This is because business intelligence (like dat a ware housing) is not a technical exercise and requires business knowledge. It is iterative and business-focused in nature (Consilvio, 2003).She insists that offshoring BI presents the biggest risk for ETL (extract, interpret and load) because it is grossly underestimated. For this reason, Robert Mitchell, in his article in Computerword, even goes as far as saying that the threat for offshoring is overstated (Mitchell, 2006). In her article for Computerworld, Maria Consilvio lists nearly of the best practices for offshoring business intelligence. They include ? Set up tight specifications ? Start with an approach similar to staff-augmentationDefine service levels which are appropriate for your expectations. ? Keep an seaward presence as representation for the business knowledge. This enables the life cycle to be quick turn. ? Ensure that the development team is reactive to feedback so that business feedback can be translated to technical specifications. ? Offshore the long term p rojects with more stable requirements. ? Ensure requirements are defined to such a level that the technical pick does not necessarily have to have the business knowledge.Determine beforehand the restrictions placed on exiting the contractas such contracts may not have defined end or start dates as a result of the fluid nature of BI. ? Audit offshore tools and, as much as possible, insist on climbable tools. ? Equip the onshore team with systems integration, project management and deliver management skills In gestate of the best practice procedures above, William McKnight of McKnight Associates suggests the following as excerpted from his 2003 article in ComputerworldON-SITE * Set up benchmarking and service-level criteria * Establish business rules * Maintain (create/translate) business knowledge * Involve users in data warehouse decisions * Ensure application support after development OFF-SITE * Set up an enforcement mechanism for business rules * Establish expertise in tools, s uch as data cleansing, automated extractors, dashboards and real-time delivery * Application development * Application support and project maintenance REFERENCES Consilvio, Jean.(2003). BI Last to Leave. Computerworld, December 12. Kempf, Ted. (2001). Business-Intelligence Apps Companies want them, but are emerging integrators vigilant to deliver? VarBusiness, November 6. McGee, Marianne Kolbasuk. (2006). You Vs. Offshoring U. S. tech pros are surprisingly upbeat, and pay is on the rise. But the job outlook is anything but warm and fuzzy. InformationWeek, April 24. Mitchell, Robert L. (2006). Why Good Technologists Are sound to Find. Computerworld, March 20.

Breaking a Social Norm

In our ball club we have a number of family norms that we patronise by. For example, there is an unwritten rule of how one should behave in an elevator. For example, it is proper to face front, stand a right smart from strangers, and not to look at others. When a affable norm is broken concourse may respond with alarm, humor, fear, irritation, or an array of other emotions. When you think of a norm, you ar probably thinking or so creation regular. But in psychology terms, norm means, a standard or representative value for a group.The norm that is more common to spate is a social norm. Meaning expectations about what behavior, minds, or feelings are appropriate within a given group within a given context. In society today us as people decide what is normal and abnormal. I surveyed five people and asked them two school principals of what they thought was normal and abnormal. The first question was Do you think dressing weird out in the public eye is normal? There response were No, because everybody does that anyway. My next question was, Does being barbaric to an sr. normal? There response was No, you have to give respect to older people. Well, I did this survey to discover an idea on what people thought of what was normal and what wasnt. This survey also helped me chose a norm to break. When I broke the norms I actually broke two and didnt even know it until I was misrepresent with my acting. The two social norms that I broke were, wearing pajamas to the photographic film theatre with my blighter and being rude to empowerment such as elders. When my boyfriend picked me up for the movies, he well(p) looked at me strangely.I know he wanted to ask why did I have on pajamas but he retributory unplowed quiet. By the way I did bring a extra pair of clothes with me, so I wouldnt look like an idiot that wholly night. Well anyway, on our way to the movies, my boyfriend just unplowed staring at me, but mind you he never said a word. When we wen t to get the tickets I received many looks from people and heard many whispers around me. There was a couple standing behind us and they were saying, How could he permit his girlfriend come out the house looking like that?I wanted to turn around and say something but I just kept my cool and said to myself, This is only a test Cynthia dont let them get to you. Once I finished talking to myself I was palliate and ready to go into the movies. While walking into the movies, I received more looks and heard more whispers coming out of people which really didnt make sense. All they had to do was just except me for who I was and that I was wearing clothes. After I got tired of the looks and whispers I changed my clothes and walked back in movie theatre.Once again my boyfriend looked at me strangely and said, Why did you change? When I finally broke it down to him that I was doing a project for psychology he started to laugh. His response towards me was, he was going to love me no matte r how I come out the house. I thought that was cute, that let me know that he doesnt care what people think and that he was always going to be with me no matter how I look. When I broke the norm of how I look, I felt really insecure about myself and I really did care of what people were going to say about me.But I did learn this people are very judgmental on a person that they have no clue about. The other norm that I broke was going against authority. The authority that I went against was my mom during Thanksgiving dinner. When I did this norm, I really felt bad because, me and my mom are so close and I would never had offence her the way I did when breaking this norm. My mom had asked me to pass her the cranberry sauce. I responded and said, Dont you have arms to reach for it. My mom gave me that look like Im going to get you when we get home.Everybody at the table just stopped eat and looked at me like I was stupid. I just kept eating like nothing ever happened. Once everybody finished their dinner, I had to quickly make an announcement saying, this was just an experiment to see your reactions to my actions of today. Nobody believed me until I showed them the operating instructions on the computer. Once everybody read it, they said my teacher would get me into a lot of trouble doing projects like this. When I broke this norm, I unmake the blood between my mother and the rest of the family that was at the dinner table.Breaking a Social NormIn our society we have a number of society norms that we abide by. For example, there is an unwritten rule of how one should behave in an elevator. For example, it is proper to face front, stand away from strangers, and not to look at others. When a social norm is broken people may respond with alarm, humor, fear, irritation, or an array of other emotions. When you think of a norm, you are probably thinking about being normal. But in psychology terms, norm means, a standard or representative value for a group.The norm that is more common to people is a social norm. Meaning expectations about what behavior, thoughts, or feelings are appropriate within a given group within a given context. In society today us as people decide what is normal and abnormal. I surveyed five people and asked them two questions of what they thought was normal and abnormal. The first question was Do you think dressing weird out in the public eye is normal? There response were No, because everybody does that anyway. My next question was, Does being rude to an elder normal? There response was No, you have to give respect to older people. Well, I did this survey to get an idea on what people thought of what was normal and what wasnt. This survey also helped me chose a norm to break. When I broke the norms I actually broke two and didnt even know it until I was done with my acting. The two social norms that I broke were, wearing pajamas to the movie theatre with my boyfriend and being rude to authority such as elders. When my boyfriend picked me up for the movies, he just looked at me strangely.I know he wanted to ask why did I have on pajamas but he just kept quiet. By the way I did bring a extra pair of clothes with me, so I wouldnt look like an idiot that whole night. Well anyway, on our way to the movies, my boyfriend just kept staring at me, but mind you he never said a word. When we went to get the tickets I received many looks from people and heard many whispers around me. There was a couple standing behind us and they were saying, How could he let his girlfriend come out the house looking like that?I wanted to turn around and say something but I just kept my cool and said to myself, This is only a test Cynthia dont let them get to you. Once I finished talking to myself I was relieved and ready to go into the movies. While walking into the movies, I received more looks and heard more whispers coming out of people which really didnt make sense. All they had to do was just except me for who I w as and that I was wearing clothes. After I got tired of the looks and whispers I changed my clothes and walked back in movie theatre.Once again my boyfriend looked at me strangely and said, Why did you change? When I finally broke it down to him that I was doing a project for psychology he started to laugh. His response towards me was, he was going to love me no matter how I come out the house. I thought that was cute, that let me know that he doesnt care what people think and that he was always going to be with me no matter how I look. When I broke the norm of how I look, I felt really insecure about myself and I really did care of what people were going to say about me.But I did learn this people are very judgmental on a person that they have no clue about. The other norm that I broke was going against authority. The authority that I went against was my mom during Thanksgiving dinner. When I did this norm, I really felt bad because, me and my mom are so close and I would never ha d disrespect her the way I did when breaking this norm. My mom had asked me to pass her the cranberry sauce. I responded and said, Dont you have arms to reach for it. My mom gave me that look like Im going to get you when we get home.Everybody at the table just stopped eating and looked at me like I was stupid. I just kept eating like nothing ever happened. Once everybody finished their dinner, I had to quickly make an announcement saying, this was just an experiment to see your reactions to my actions of today. Nobody believed me until I showed them the instructions on the computer. Once everybody read it, they said my teacher would get me into a lot of trouble doing projects like this. When I broke this norm, I destroyed the relationship between my mother and the rest of the family that was at the dinner table.

Imagery in Johnny Got His Gun and Cry, the Beloved Country Essay

We all have wished to change something in our lives. Everything would be perfect if we could control what happens in the world. However, we know that life offers us no choice but to accept changes that occur in life. Therefore, we grieve at piteous downfalls but rejoice great transformations. Trumbo and Paton efficiently depict changes that their main characters encounter in life. Trumbo and Paton implement imagery to show cocksure and invalidating changes throughout the lives of their main characters.Trumbo uses imagery to show Joes engaging past life. For example, Joe feels loved when he pictures the sled that was his Christmas present and his mother who is laughing like a girl and his dad who is grinning in his slow rugged way (11). The sled symbolizes familial love not only because it is given to Joe from his p bents but also because the sled allows the family to spend loving time as a whole, making memories. Joe further remembers the time he spent with his family when h e thinks about his mothers rolls that were steaming hot and melted when you aim butter inside them (16). Trumbo highlights not only Joes ability to smell and taste but also Joes emotional pleasure associated with sharing his favorite foods with the people he loves.Further much, we see that Joe is soci equal to(p) and lively as a male child when he got into his heavy clothes and his mackinaw and his boots and his sheepskin gloves and went out with the rest of the kids into the snow (18). In his childhood, Joe is like any other ambitious boy who enjoys nature and social time even through the harsh and numbing cold. In addition, Joe feels accepted by society during his time in Shale City, the prettiest town in the world to him with a pale blue sky and with about a million stars shining (51). Joe is able to call Shale City home because he is comfortable with the people and the activities in this town. His friends and the towns beautiful physical aspects make Joe feel like a part of t he town, like he belongs there. Through imagery, Trumbo allows the reader to gain a positive view of Joes past.In contrast, Trumbo uses imagery to give an uncomfortable and negative view of Joes present life. For instance, Joe paradoxically describes his unconsciousness to be a kind of fear yet not like any ordinary fear. It was more(prenominal) of a panic it was the panicky dread of losing yourself even from yourself (127). Unlike his past, Joe is constantly in fear because he has no boundaries to help him differentiate his dreams from real thoughts Joe feels that he can no long-run trust his own mind. Furthermore, Joe wishes K been to be the unknown visitor beside him until just as he could feel the touch of her hand his dishonor turned suddenly to shame because unlike old times, Joe no longer feels confident about his body (157).His physical aspects weaken his self-confidence with the thought of Kareen look down upon his debilitated body, Joe feels humiliation and embarrassme nt. Unlike his past, Joe would not spend time with his loved ones even if he were given a chance because his pride would restrain him. Furthermore, after the nurse taps Merry Christmas to him, Joe comprehend the sound of sleigh bells and the crunch of snow and there were wreaths of holly with red berries nestling like hot coals against them in his mind, contrasting his past days of Christmas where he is physically able to celebrate (200).Trumbo uses a fable to portray the fresh memories of Christmas in Joes mind that are now Joes only keepsakes for internally celebrating the holiday. Finally, Joe falls into despair when he could almost hear the wail of pain that went up from his heart after his trusts are rejected by the doctors (235). Trumbo uses personification of a heart that wails to contrast the feeling of acceptance Joe felt in Shale City to the sense of betrayal Joe now feels from the doctors and society. Although Joe has put forth his whole heart and effort into his tapp ing, society has rejected him. Through imagery, Trumbo allows us to see the changes in Joes present lifestyle from that of the past.Similarly, Paton uses imagery to portray transformations in the characters that Stephen Kumalo loves. For example, when Stephen meets Gertrude in Johannesburg, he notices that the voice that was once so sweet has a new quality in it, the quality of the laughter that he heard in the house because Gertrude has transformed into a new being (60). The laughter Stephen refers to is shameful, so he relates the laugh to Gertrude because she is no longer an innocent and respectful being. interchangeable Gertrude, lavatory Kumalo transforms but into a man that is ravenous for power thus, Stephen notices that he sat with his hands on his knees like a chief (65).Paton uses a fable to compare John to a chief because John is no longer a quiet man who follows tradition or someone elses ask John is like a chief because he now takes his own leadership to speak his i deas. Stephen also sees that there was a change in Johns voice, that it became louder like the voice of a bull or a lion because John has an air of authority and demand in his voice (67).Paton uses simile to portray Johns voice as powerful as that of a bull or a lion. Furthermore, when Stephen finally sees Absalom in Johannesburg, he observes the boys sinful change as he twists his head from side to side, as though the loose clothing is too tight for him (130). What greatly disturbs Stephen is the circumstance that Absalom does not even have a justifiable reason for his murder, merely shaking his head when Stephen questions him. Like Gertrude and John, Absalom has diverted from traditional values and thus grieves Stephen. Paton uses imagery to show negative changes in major characters of Stephen Kumalos life.Paton also uses imagery to show changes in both Johannesburg and Nodtsheni. For example, Kumalo notices how the grass had disappeared and how the maize grew barely to the height of a man and grieves over his gradually debilitating town (52). Kumalo feels despair because he merely observes Ndotsheni growing ill without being able to help it. Furthermore, Kumalo feels emotionally stronger when he observes the natives boycotting the buses, starting to walk early in the morning with a bite of food, and their eyes are hardly closed on the pillow before they must(prenominal) stand up again, sometimes to start off with nothing but hot water in their stomachs (74).The sight of the natives working laboriously for justice gives Kumalo hope in Johannesburg, a city filled with novel ideas that contrast his traditional beliefs in Ndotsheni. Furthermore, after Jarvis comes to Ndotsheni, the town starts to make progress the men no longer plough up and down but throw up walls of earth, and plough round the hills, so that the fields look no longer as they employ to look in the old days of ploughing (299).Jarvis young demonstrator teaches the men of Ndotsheni ways to pres erve the earth and rebuild the town Jarvis brings a positive change to Ndotsheni. In addition, Stephen shows his emotional change towards Jarvis, taking a cypress branch and making it into a ring, and tied it so it could not spring by and put the flowers of the weld, such as grew in the bareness of the valley (298). This wreath symbolizes Stephens gratitude towards Jarvis Stephens guilt and pride no longer prevent him from pass judgment Jarvis warm offerings of help. Through imagery, Paton portrays changing aspects in Ndotsheni and Johannesburg.Through imagery, Trumbo and Paton successfully express the physical and emotional changes throughout Joe and Stephen Kumalos life. However, Trumbo is more efficient than Paton because his imagery contains more vibrant descriptions to help the reader feel the gravity of Joes changes. Trumbo gives the reader a more vibrant picture of Joes life through the use of powerful similes and personification. Trumbos imagery of the changes in Joes life reminds us of our weakness to control our own lives.

Hp and Compaq Merger

Webster University November 6, 2011 Hewlett- Packard Company, referred to as HP, is an American multinational information engine room high society. Its headquarters is based in California USA. The community was founded in 1939 built in a Palo Alto garage by Bill Hewlett and David Packard and is now one of the worlds largest information technology companies operating worldwide in al much or slight every(prenominal) country. It has 87,000 employees in 120 countries. HP specializes in developing, manufacturing computing, data retentiveness, and net modeling hardw be.In addition it designs softwargon and delivers dish ups. A majority of HPs product lines include storage devices as well as computing devices, and a wide range of imaging products and last but not least, printers. Its products be wide available to households, atomic to medium sized businesses, as well as by dint of online distribution, office supply retailers, and major technology vendors. It similarly caters to enterprises and office supply retailers. The late 90s brought innovation but poor sales maturement, as HP faced troubles in keeping up with the changing market.It was at the point w here Carly Fiorina was decreed as the new CEO. The focus then became on guest and net income sales. Carly revamped organizational structure. This led to a revenue growth however, administer prices still declined and HP faced recession in 2001, which led to pay cuts and layoffs. Stock prices continues to soar which led to the consideration of acquisitions. HP is committed to the development of products, information, and run that argon widely accessible to everyone including those with disabilities.The commitment it provides in catering to everyone supports its diversity and Total Customer Experience objectives ensure that its technological benefits serve all. gibe to Dave Packard, it is necessary that people work together in unison toward common objectives and avoid working at cross purposes at al l levels if the ultimate in efficiency and achievements is to be obtained. HP has a vision of diversity as being a main factor that drives success as well as personal leadership from everyone in spite of appearance the come with.Their free-enterprise(a) advantage delivers them to learn and to adjust with the depth of their care fors. It is vital for HP managers to come together regularly in order to discuss and judge the HP Way which ensures their top priorities through number 1er costs, information technology system modifyments, gain in business growth, an procession in efficiency, and node service improvements. HP is organized in the form of two groups. The first is the Business Customer Organization, and the second group is the Consumer Business Organization (Wagonfeld, Rubenstein, and Block, 2001). both(prenominal) groups are supplied through the following product divisions Computing systems, imaging and printing systems, and embedded personal systems. In addition H P services are available which works amid the consumer, the product, and the groups. Major product lines include personal computer (PC), desktop and mobile personal computers, software dissolving agents, copiers, scanners, networking solutions, and consulting services. In addition, the companys support group offers consulting, education, and solution financing to its users.Compaq was founded in 1982 by Rod Canion, Jim Harris, and Bill Murto and its headquarters is based in Houston, Texas. The three founders invested $1,000 each in order to begin the formation of their company and began their first product, a portable personal computer to run all the software being developed at the period for the IBM PC. Four years into operation, the company was able to pave way to the Fortune 500 more rapidly than any other company in the same domain. Compaq products were developed and placed in three variant groups.The first group is the Enterprise Computing Group which designs and develops se rvers, internet products, and networking products. The second group is the Commercial PC Group which designs and develops commercial desktops, and miniature and medium business solutions. The final group is the Consumer PC Group which designs and develops consumer products such as desktops, printers, and portables. Compaq markets its products mainly to consumers from the following sectors Business, home, g overnment and education. In 2001, Compaq and HP engaged in a jointure.The new HP will become the second largest global technology provider with around $87 billion in revenue as well as many opportunities to create competitive advantages with their existing resources. It then had the ability to provide a multiple number of solutions and will be in personate of competitive advantage in comparison to the leader IBM. Prior to Compaqs merger with HP, its warmness symbol was CPQ, however after the merger its ticker symbol is now HPQ. . The managements cases for the merger included the following Improved economics and innovation, complementary eadership in key markets, strengthened business provides circumstantial mass in key growth market, and financial benefits. First of all, combining HP and Compaq would result in creating economies of scale, site sales channel, and a more compromising distribution channel. Second of all, the merger would facilitate the industry leading product line in the entire server category, and gain a broader portfolio of products and services. Thirdly, having around 65,000 IT architects in 160 countries accelerates growth and leads to better customer loyalty.Finally, financially, it estimated $2. 5 billion in annual cost savings by mid 2004 and the merger would also allow HP to ontogenesis investment in the imaging and printing business. Reasons against the merger were the following HPs business portfolio would be worse due to an switch magnitude exposure in unprofitable PC business, and the PC market was expected to shrink. Sec ond of all, the integration risk of the proposed merger is substantial as no merger involving computer companies had ever met expectations, and analysts estimated a revenue loss that could be as high as 15-17%.Third of all, it would get under ones skin a negative impact on HP stockholders as a dramatic drop in stock price was announced after the proposal of the merger and Wall Street predicted low estimates for future financial performance. A fourth originator against the merger is that HPs strategic position will not materially improve as neither company had a profitable business model nor successfully transitioned into a direct distribution model. Furthermore, a merger would not materially improve HPs market position in high profit areas. Despite the debate for or against the merger, there was a 51. % approval margin and supporters believed it was the best option available for both firms. SWOT synopsis The strengths of the merger are Compaq-Server category and overall storage , HP high-end storage, and strong brand recognition. HP and Compaq were to save $2. 5 billion in operating costs by 2004. After their merger, there was an increase in cash flow. The weaknesses they faced are the development of a direct distribution model, consulting and let onsourcing (low market share), and Compaq printers (low market share). Consumers were unsure about the reliability of new products, and HPs market share was to increase to 18. % only. The opportunities they were faced with are the improvement the merger could have of economics and innovation namely economies of scale. It also strengthened market leadership in storage, and market growth in IT services. Finally, the threats posed were the increases of public press by dell in the lower-end server market, and the entrants of IBM and Dell into the market that further eroded more market share. Michael E. Porter d unrefineds upon Industrial Revolution economics in order to derive the five forces that determine the com petition and the overall profitability of a market.For example, an un draw inive industry would be one that combines the five forces that drives down overall profitability. The first force in Porters model is the threat of the entry of new adversarys. Profitable markets that yield high returns and will therefore attract new firms. The result of this is many new entrants which eventually decrease profitability for all firms in the industry. The merger that occurred between Compaq and HP raises a moderate level of threat for new entrants due to economies of scale that are achieved by the already existing players, and this is what results in their competitive advantage.In addition, there is need for high cracking requirement for any new player that wants to enter the market. Another factor is product differentiation which results in a constant need for the improvement in technology in order to grab consumers attention. A third factor is moderate consumer switching costs. An example o f this is the ease for customers to change their laptops due to the standardization of most computer components. In addition, the access to distribution channels makes it easy for consumers to approach the desired products, due to the availability of direct customer service and both internet and computer retailers.The second force in Porters model is the bargaining power of buyers. Moderate consumer switching costs makes it easier for consumers to be able to change their laptops, due to standardization of most computer components. A low number of suppliers are providing HP and Compaq products to consumers. In addition, suppliers operate with high fixed costs, which is the main reason there are a low number of suppliers. The third force in the model is the bargaining power of suppliers, which consists of a high number of customers that are fragmented and providing products to them is not an easy task, which is why suppliers bargain highly.There are however, a few large suppliers whic h are trustworthy, reliable, and recognized. They provide good quality raw material such as Intel and Hitachi. A fourth force in Porters model is the threat of substitutes. Switching costs for consumers is high be catch of low price HP Compaq laptops that indicate its target towards the middle class and upper middle class segment. These people find it harder to switch from one product to other which is why they are more likely to remain loyal. In addition, frequent product introductions and constant improvements in price serve as a cause for moderate threat.A final force in the model is rivalry. High fixed costs in the cost for setup of manufacturing units increases fixed cost, which makes it more backbreaking for the existing players to exit the market. Also, constant changes in products and price makes competition stiffer. It is fundamental to note that the two big players that hold the top two market share spots in the computer hardware industry are IBM and Dell. IBM has stron g look and development and marketing and gave rise to PC industry with Microsoft Windows OS. IBM global services also have strong customer assistance.The latter is a direct business model with low inventory costs, and Dells close relationships with its consumers helped soma loyalty, and it ranked number one in the global PC market in 2001. In July 1999, Carly Fiorina was appointed as the CEO of HP, and the board believed she was the saviour of HP. Her stopping point was to reinvent the company according to the HP way. Her motto was Preserve the best and reinvent the rest. At the time Carly took over, it was a collection of independent businesses, each selling a different kind of product.Her role was to execute an e-services strategy that would unify them into one profitable whole. After merging with Compaq, the main strategies that are focused on are the following Sustainability where the new HP must both retain and grab additional market share, Uniqueness by being the largest IT company world-wide, value added by which the merger must demonstrate success, an increased product line through enhancement, adaptation to market forces through flexibility, and the retention of customer base through stability. Fiorina promised balanced revenue and earnings growth, targeting 12%-15% growth in 2000.The problem was that Carly Fiorina held too many offices as she was CEO, COO, and Chairman of the board. This led to an abuse of power, poor decision-making, and miscommunication. Both Compaq and HP were in an unwinnable price war with Dell. The merger of HP and Compaq clearly benefited both companies. From Porters five forces model of HP-Compaq, it is evident that there are moderate entry barriers, moderate threat of substitutes, high competition, moderate bargaining of power of buyers, and high bargaining power of suppliers.HP focuses on making technology more simple for its users from individual customers to large businesses. Its top priorities are to lower costs, im prove its technology systems, increase business growth, and improve both efficiency and customer service. Despite the fact that both HP and Compaq were mature companies before the merger, the merger is still considered to be under restructuring, which resulted in the company losing some of its ground as a mature company. Blending the culture of both companies resulted in more innovative ideas and is now more supportive in providing more effective customer service.Through the successful merger of HP and Compaq, their costs were reduced by $3 billion annually. From the information provided above, it is all-important(prenominal) to note that the introduction of improved and more innovative products should be of focus as competition in existing players is high in order to gain market share and competitive position in the market. The company is focusing on its strategies in order to ensure achieving all business priorities by adjusting and optimizing the product line and enhancing high end services.When analyzing a merger between two companies like Compaq and HP, it is worth noting that if we were to do a segment analysis of this merger, a different conclusion would be drawn than an increase of profits in the merged firms. In a segment analysis, the combined firms would adversely lose money while trying to gain advantage over its product line in the business sector for example. A large business segment would only see a small increase in profits in this case. Depending on the elasticity in the market and the relevant position of the firms involved, the effects of a merger would vary significantly across different segments.For example, if Dell and Compaq were to have merged in 1998, it would have resulted in a negative consumer surplus. This in turn allows us to assume that the use of segment analysis can be valuable in assessing what impacts a merger could result in in various markets that have different consumer segments. The evolution of the market also plays an important factor. In the case of the HP-Compaq merger, if the same merge had occurred at a different period like 4 years earlier there would have been a smaller consumer welfare as opposed to the results yielded in its 2001 merger.Baker and Breshnan (1985) proposed a strategy of demand and supply to evaluate the effects of mergers. Products and consumers are detect by market participants according to Baker et. al, which in turn will be correlated with equilibrium prices which will lead the price coefficient to be bias towards zero. Furthermore, providing the consumers with a chance to not purchase any of the products available in regards to personal computers plays an important role as it allows the uniform price increase to change the quantities purchased.In addition, by using the demand parameters that are estimated, price-cost margins and marginal costs can be calculated without the use of actual cost information. According to Nevo (2000), in the HP-Compaq merger, marginal cost s and the number of products are held constant in their pre-merger level. Furthermore, post-merger equilibrium elasticities are calculated based on the demand parameters in the pre-merger phase. From this, we can make the assumption that both consumer preferences and the value of the good did not change after the firms merged.However, one cannot ignore the fact that changes in the strategy after the merger took place accounted for price sensitivity and particularly changes outside the industry that could impact demand for the product places doubt on whether such an assumption is valid. A way one can look at the estimates of different segments is by looking at the aggregate demand elasticities over time. This is portrayed in a report by Foncel and Invaldi (2000). It is important to note that the total elasticity for the whole market is increasing over time.This is turn means that consumers are being less sensitive as the market is approaching its maturity, this would lead to the expe ctation that the demand for personal computers would be more elastic. Income effect plays a big role here as soaring prices means that purchasing a PC would become a smaller share of the budget over time. In addition, further developments in software widened the use of computers and have now become a necessity in our daily lives. The total elasticity of the home segment is the one that faces the largest rise.The reason for this is that this segment became less elastic over time due to two reasons. The first reason was due to high income elasticity and the second was due to higher(prenominal) usage of several developments in other domains such as the internet. Qualitative analysis of coordinated effects in the HP-Compaq merger is essential in brain the formation of the merger that took place between both companies. In order to coordinate firms that are looking into merging should be able to come to an musical arrangement which is not always easy as products in both firms are comple x and differentiated.Compaq and HP should monitor one anothers behaviour closely to detect factors such as undercutting, and keeping rivals out by collectively coordinating behaviour between them, Stigler (1964). The distribution of brands and market shares varies both in time and across markets. Most firms are multi product firms which is why it is essential to bear in mind that there is a substantial number of products. Another important factor here is that firms may face elastic demands which arise from the consumers substitution of products in quality segments.In addition, market transparency ensures that all coordinating oligopolists are aware of the changes in the evolving markets. In the HP-Compaq merger, there are several market features that pave way for coordination in the server industry and others that prevent it from occurring. Also, competitors like Dell and IBM did not try to stand in the way of the merger. According to Freidman (1971), the merger between HP and Comp aq affects the incentive to cooperate, yet it actively decreases the firms incentives to cooperate in a strategic manner.Freidman also goes on to portray that his model does not take into account either the entry or exit of a product, nor uncertainty. The reduction of costs, and enrichment of revenues, growth of the industry, and need of product diversification are several reasons why mergers and acquisitions have become proliferate over the last decade or so. When analyzing the financial results of the HP-Compaq merger, it is important to look at the profitability and efficiency ratios of the companies in the pre-merger and post-merger stages.In order to maximize profit and minimize products, HP and Compaq earn and adjust to the constantly break and changing markets, which technologies need acceleration, value creation for its consumers, and global development which serves as a shield against competitors like Dell and IBM. It is essential for a firm to understand its position in the industry especially in a market that is saturated with competition like the computer industry where competitors such as Dell, IBM, Toshiba, Sony, Vaio, are present.An organization must be able to identify the factors that have an effect on the firm such as its suppliers, consumers, and competitors. Those factors enable the industry to know how to prolong itself in such a marketplace in order to be in a win-win situation. One of the benefits that resulted from the HP-Compaq merger is the following. Both firms were in a no win situation price war with Dell. The merger resulted in Compaq and HP to stop competing with one another. In February 2001, Dell, the biggest competitor of HP-Compaq launched a campaign to become the largest competitor in the PC industry.In an attempt to grab the market share, Dell announced and intentional undercut in its prices by 10%. Although some mergers scram marginal results or lead to the sinking of companies, HP and Compaqs merger created a new corp orate culture. This helped the company focus its product development efforts. The company improved its position in a number of core markets. By completing the merger when they did, HP was able to position itself by taking the unembellished leap ahead of trends that were working against the two companies when they existed as independent entities.In addition, its commitment to cultural change helped the merger go through a creaseless transition, although HP took certain measures like reducing its workforce size, the change of 2 CEOs, and the reorganization of the managements structure. The HP-Compaq merger established what it had set out to. Its main aim was to provide the essential mass and ensure a long term-role in an industry that was undergoing a fundamental transition, according to Jean S. Bozman, research vice president in IDCs world-wide Server Group.Furthermore, he added that this deal enabled the merged company to grow revenue and profits in an increasingly competitive mar ketplace. References Anon (2002) Investor relations- taking a fair share of the responsibility, Strategic Direction. Bradford Vol. 18, Iss. 8, pgs. 13-16. Ahles, Andrea (2002) Hewlett-Packard Executives Say Its Company Is on Track to Produce Lasting Benefits, Knight Ridder Tribune Business News. upper-case letter Aug 28, pg. 1. Anon (2010) HP Hires Gail Galuppo to Lead Wordlwide Strategy and Marketing for Imaging and Printing Group, Business Wire. New York.Brown, Meredith, Kubek, Gary (2002) Court Demands Proof of HP-Compaq vote buying International pecuniary Law Review, London Vol 21, Iss. 7 pg 25. Roy, Preeta Roy, Probir (2004) The Hewlett Packard- Compaq Computers Merger Insight from the Resource-Based View and the Dynamic Capabilities Perspective, daybook of American Academy of Business, Cambridge. Hollywood Vol. 5, Iss. Pgs 7,8. Freidman J. (1971), A Non-cooperative Equilibrium for Supergames. Review of economic Studies, 38, 1-12. Stigler, G. J. (1964) A theory of Oligopo ly, Journal of Political Economy, 72, 44-61.Baker, J. P. and T. F. Bresnahan (1985). The Gains from Merger or Collusion in Product-Dierentiated Industries, Journal of Industrial Economics, 33, 427-444. Nevo, A. (2000a). Mergers with Dierentiated Products The Case of the Ready-to- eat Cereal Industry, RAND Journal of Economics, 31, 3, 395-421. Foncel, J. and M. Invaldi (2001). Operating System Prices in the Home PC Market, mimeo, University of Toulouse. Bozman, J. S. (2006). HP-Compaq merger a success five years on IDC. URL http//www. itwire. com/it-industry-news/strategy/6879-hp-compaq-merger-a-success-five-years-on-idc

Definitions of Justice in the Melian Dialogue

Amidst an interlude in the fierce struggle for ply between the two dominant Greek poleis, Athens and Sparta, the Peloponnesian war, there was unrest. Despite the Peace of Nicias, belligerence between the two recites did not cease, tho rather took on a new face. While c atomic number 18ful to prevail within the parameters set several years before in the peace treaty, Athens moved cautiously, tho aggressively in establishing alliances, albeit coerced, and strengthening its empire. It was at this joint that it made its move toward securing the small, weak island-state of Melos, which in its neutral independence suggested danger to the Athenian empire.In a move not of fairness, but of survival, Athens called the Melians an ultimatum to be subjugate under Athenian rule as a colony, or be utterly destroyed. It is the Melian dialogue which follows and presents the presumed diplomatic debate between the two nations the Melian peoples argument for their knowledge neutrality, and the Athenian peoples attempt to persuade them to submit. The issue which arises in light of the events at Melos remains to be whether it is the people of Melos views of rightness which is correct, or if it is Athens definition which is truer.By examining each city-states contributions to the Melian dialogue, each respective interpretation becomes clear, enabling further judgement on the events outcome. The Athenians offer the Melians a choice in their own fate, both of which result in Athens domination essentially, this boils down to the Athenians definition of nicety deception in expediency for those in power. Not a question of fairness, for them, nicety lies in survival, and that which results in the most certain preservation of both the subduer and the vague is just, t would involve your submitting before suffering the worst possible fate, and we would profit from not destroying you, (Thuc, V, 91). For the Athenians, their own pursuit of power, and that which enables its acquis ition, is paramount to survival, and as heirs to this mentality, they believe it wholly inwrought and therefore not reprehensible, divinity and mankind atomic number 18 under an innate compulsion to rule wherever empowered. Without being either the ones who made this law or the first to apply it after it was laid down, we applied it as one in existence and one that will endure for all time, (Thuc. V, 105). The Athenians see no injustice in doing simply as their nature impels them to do. In fact, the Athenians see their offer of subjugation to the Melian people as more than reasonable, What we will demonstrate is that we are here to help our empire and that there is salvation for your city in what we are now about to say, since we hope to rule over you without trouble and allow both parties benefit as you are saved, (Thuc. , V, 91). Following their judgement in doing what is necessary to strengthen themselves, even at the expense of others, is what brings Athens to Melos.The Mel ians, contrarilly, see justice as grounded in fairness. They contend that action based in reason is the true definition of justice. There is every advantage in your not destroying a universal benefit, but that at all times there be fairness and justice for those in danger, (Thuc. ,V, 90). This belief in abstinence from aggression without stool is what defines the fundamental differences in the Athenians and the Melians philosophies. As a neutral state, Melos remained impartial up until it was confronted by Athens, and it is this confrontation which violates the Melian definition of justice.Having not been harmed by the Melians, nor threatened, they had no right, in the Melians eyes, to act toward them with hostility. Desiring only to be left alone, the Melians wanted Athens to accept their neutrality and depart, You would not tolerate our staying neutral, friends not enemies, but allies of neither side? (Thuc. , V, 94). According to the Melian definition of justice, Athens has no reason or right to inflict any harm upon them, nor to coerce them into the spillage of their independence.Having had no desire to take part in the war between Athens and Sparta, Melos conception of justice was disregarded as Athens imposed their own definition of justice upon the island-state, at which point, Melos was forced to fight. The results of Athenians view on justice are exemplified its being an empire state holding power over many and acting with aggression when the opportunity for greatness is before it. Holding justice to be that which benefits the strong, the building of an empire serves to allow the mother nation-state to suck up monetary benefits and resources from those states which it dominates.This collection enables the powerful polis to become more so and then further its sphere of influence. Additionally, this definition of justice permits an ambitious city-state to spread, conquering not only the states which stand in pack opposition, but also any that could serve as a barrier to reaching absolute greatness. The Melians definition of greatness, likewise, serves to relieve its position as an isolationism island city-state. In order to act justly, in accordance with Melian belief, a nation-state must act with aggression only in instances where it is necessary for the sentry duty and welfare of its citizens and only as defensive.Justice would require the respect of a peaceable states existence, and the humane treatment of all wartime participants. A just state could not openly provoke another state without cause, nor upset its independence. Ultimately, it was not only a question of justice which lead to the genocide at Melos, but also one of power. It was the Athenians drive for power, especially control over others, which lead to its provocation of the Melians, and in fact, their definition of justice nearly demanded it.Under the belief in that which served its own benefit as justice, Athens was spurred toward the indispensable pursuit of power, specifically power over the Melians. The Melian philosophy of neutrality and fairness is in direct opposition to this bellicose ideology. At its heart, the fundamentals of Melian justice conflict with the pursuit of power, i. e. , dominance over others and therefore with Athens, resulting in an insurmountable discrepancy over which their negotiations are futile to transcend.Though the Melian dialogue is a primarily fictional account of a conversation written by a former Athenian, it is clear that the definition of justice that is favored in Thucydides account is that of the Melians. Logical and noble, it is the Melians defenses of their own interests that wins out as the stronger, while leaving the Athenians assertions of justice sounding brutish, pessimistic, and altogether contrary to advance(a) conceptions of justice. It is the Melians definition which wins out as truly virtuous and altruistic, exactly what justice should be.

J. Crew Company Analysis

I. Problem Definition J. crew at S relishstown mall is having difficulty targeting San Francisco State scholarly persons to shop at their store, even when J. combination stretchs a 15% off discount to college students. J. mob is a very successful marker that reaches out to bleakborn business professionals however J. conspiracy, specifically at Stonestown mall, is having difficulty stretch out to the college students at San Francisco State University. J. Crew believes the students at SFSU are a smart target to reach, needing the University is located right next to the Stonestown mall. Although J.Crew believes the college students are smart target to reach, umpteen students are unaware of the student discount they brook. Looking over J. Crews past marketing campaigns, they energise make use ofd fourth-year flavor models. When doing our research, we noniced that J. Crews top competitors GAP (Banana Republic), and BCBG use junior, college age range, type of models. Wit h this is mind, we feel that the best advertising campaign is to follow their competitors and lease younger looking models, in order to reach out to the college market. J. Crews competitors use merriment advertising methods to reach out to a younger market.We noticed in all of GAP holiday mercantiles, the young models are jumping around having a good measure. We get a sense of fun and playful energy from the commercial, which could draw in college students. scuttle also gives off a feel of comfort, cursory and trendy style in array for the cursory college wear. We feel that if J. Crew starts advertising with younger looking models emphasizing on rudimentary wear of a typical college student, J. Crew may have interrupt success at reaching out to the SFSU students. II. Advertising Objective Our main advertising objective is to gain attention of the college students.The goal of our advertising campaign is to get to interest for the brand and thus to encourage college student s (the target audience) to make an initial purchase of a J. Crew products. Advertisement should seek to tell the market near J. Crews products, emphasize the pure tone and fashion of the products, and last besides not least build awareness of the company. We rat typically employ original advertising strategies in order to cut through other competing advertizements. III. Situational Analysis J. Crew first de exclusivelyed in 1983 as a catalog only obtain experience by Arthur Cinader.Six years later he opened its first flagship store in South Street Seaport New York. J. Crew is Ameri quite a little clothing and accessories for men and women. They recently added several line extensions such(prenominal) as Crewcuts for children ages 2-12, J. Crew weddings and Parties, and J. Crew Collection for limited edition pieces. The retailer is know for its young and preppy fashions including jeans, khakis, and other basics that are quite pricy and targeted to young professionals. They have 300 stores cosmeawide including the website and catalog. In 2003 Millard Drexler the former CEO of Gap Inc. ecame the virgin CEO for J. Crew by compressing service, step and innovation to the next level. This caused so much controversy with the two companies, being that they are major(ip) competitors. J. Crew digressners with the best fabric mills and craftsmen such as Jack Purcell, Timex, Thomas Mason, and Red Wing to get the best quality goods. J. Crew is continuing to expand their retail series with specialty boutiques such as Mens only shops that specializes in Suiting and Madewell a modernized interpretation of an American denim label founded in 1937 which targets women ages 18-40. Although we think J.Crew does good overall, the Stonestown mall wants to gain attention of the college students because they offer a student/teacher discount. The problem is many of the college students dont shop at J. Crew because they dont know much about it. Swot Analysis J. Crew for the co llege audience Strengths over 300 stores in the United States E-commerce website (convenience) Discount sales ongoing Multiple lines for different age categories Weaknesses Too Pricey for the normal college student Targeted more for the young Business professionals No commercials aired/ Advertisements are few Opportunities Target advertisements to that particular age group Possible commercial advertisement for future Expand to new segments of the young market Threats increase competition of Gap Inc. During the recession students do not have the luxury to spend on pricey clothing Increased celebrity advertisement of competitors More discounted sales at competitors IV. Target Audience Demographics For our advertising plan we leading target young college students existent in the city. These students provide be mainly females, as college female students are more willing to pay good money for their clothing than male students.Because our target audience consists generally of young college students, most will be seen as single. The typical guttler will only make about $12,000 annually or less, most with part time jobs and attending check full time. Psychographics The psychographics of our target audience will be students living in dorms and on the campus. We will also target young adults living in apartments near college campus life. Most young students dont mind a little shopping to help them cope with a bad company or too much studying.These students will be found around the mall regularly and will be shopping at competing stores like GAP. These consumers will be living the college life, learning to be professional in aim as well as out. They should enjoy social gatherings and night events where they can argue off their style. We will target students that are frequently in search for discounts at senior high end stores, looking for long lasting quality in basic casual as well as professional clothing. They need to be able to finance their money well and buy good quality products with long durability.Profile of Typical Target Consumer Female 18-25 years old Single College education Part-time job Aware of quality & price symmetrical shopper Sociable Enjoys nightlife Active in the community Stylish/Fashionable Full-time Student V. Consumers Perceptions Our consumers perception of the brand, J. Crew, unremarkably entails the style they advertise in commercials and television. J. Crew can be seen as a style with practical women in finely cut business suits and overcoats. When most flock visualize the company they visualize classy and professional clothing.The problem is they are not seen as the standard, like Gap, for instance, they lack the basic necessities to attract young college students. J. Crew just wants to maintain its professional status, but attract a younger crowd who are establishing their position in the real world applying and interview for jobs. When walking into the store, consumers see bright lights and a clas s of fabrics and styles. The dresses range from simple around the house to dressy date-night dresses. The one-thing consumers can expect to see when entering J. Crew is the variety of clothing.Consumers can perceive clothing brands base on what they see on television, advertisements, and magazines. For instance, there was a point during the election, when Michelle Obama was exhausting all J. Crew clothing. After seeing this, consumers then compare their own lives to the prototypal Lady and the President. It gives off the intention that people wearing J. Crew are wealthy and extremely successful individuals. This perception is false because not everyone needs to be wealthy to afford this clothing. Many people are looking for a good way to be fashionable and professional at the same time.J. Crew provides high quality clothing for a good price. This store may seem more expensive, but price goes hand and hand with quality. College students can discern to buy cheaper clothes, but the y cant be guaranteed to last as long as higher quality fabrics. While, if they were to buy clothing from J. Crew, a high-end clothing company, their clothes would last longer and there would be no need for repurchasing products. According to youlookfab. com one of the customers comment on how the preppy and fashionable products were expensive, but the quality and drape were impeccable.Other opinions on J. Crew revolve around the age range of the clothing. Most people look at J. Crew as clothing for older more mature audiences. They believe it should be for women in their 40s or older. This is a common misconception as the style is in general for a professional look, but for a young professional style. Models often used in the J. Crew magazine, most recently, are younger looking professionals with a modern feel to them. The store has become more mainstream recently, but still continues to maintain innovative colors and ensemble combinations. J.Crew sustainments their nice basics an d people can often leave the house wearing their attire from head to toe. Consumers often perceive J. Crew as currently declining in quality and have problems with sizes and overall fit. As sizes and fit compare depending on the consumer, the fit would be made specifically for younger professionals. As for quality, our prices may have been declining, but our quality can be just as durable as before. As all retail stores were hit hard in the economy, many stores have decreased in overall price. Quality can often be an issue to those who have over indistinct a piece of clothing.Many customers will mention J. Crew products at a rack store or a second hand store and buy them there. Even though they are usually a few years older, they still remain in good condition as if they had never been worn. This contributes to the proof of quality as well as durability in J. Crew clothing. Consumers will always find a way to agree or disagree, but the best we can do to keep those customers conte nt is to create good quality clothing at a sufficient price, producing long lasting and stylish clothing for both professional and casual occasions. VI. The Competition Swot Analysis GAP INC. Strengths 3,143 stores in the United States 518 stores Internationally (Ireland, Canada, Japan, United Kingdom, France) Dominants clothing market clothes for the family Socially responsible campaigns VOTE, (RED) aids awareness, reducing waste, and strongly concerned about supply chain Lots of commercials aired daily Many young celebrity endorsements Multiple lines for different age groups (Banana, Piperlime, grey-haired Navy, Athleta) Weakness Consumers can view low prices as low quality products Not fashion forward for college students more concentrated on Basics Does not create a unique niche in marketOpportunities Continue to gain attention with popular celebrities amongst college age students Continue to expand on the new denim line, with high quality fabrics Started working with new upco ming designers to feature in stores at a low cost Expand accessories Threats H&M is a high threat for Gap Inc with low priced fashionable goods and widespread Competitors lowering prices due to the economical downturn Swot Analysis BCBG Max Azria Strengths orbicular womens contemporary fashion 9,000 stores over 45 countries and 5 continents Make women look and feel beautiful Recognizable brand and customer loyalty E-commerce website Specializes in fashionable business attire and special occasion dresses Mailers to customers due to in-store customer database Multiple lines for different age groups Weakness Not to many advertisements No commercials in truth pricy for college students Opportunities Expand on advertisement Expand on BCBGeneration stores (targeted to college students) and only can be found at Macys. Threats Due to the recession consumers are looking for fashionable goods at a low price at stores such as H&M, ZARA, and MANGO. Being mass distributed to chains such as Nor dstrom, Macys, and Bloomingdales where they can offer sales promotions, which will deter consumers to go to actually BCBG stores. VII. The Creative Strategy A. The Single Most Compelling Benefit Our Brand Can tornado to Our Target Consumers For J. Crew, we are using a differentiation strategy using their special student discount, which makes it unique and puts it up against regular retailers whom do not offer such discounts. J. Crew offers a special student and teacher discount of fifteen percent off of all regular priced items, sale items are not included in the discount.This offer is valid for any in-store purchase until the student graduates, and all that is needed is a student identification card. In our current economic situation today, people are more conscious with their spending and hold on to tighter budgets. Luxury clothes are not as affordable as they used to be. Most consumers perceptions of J. Crew are that it is an expensive clothing brand. They think that they get be tter deals from retailers who have the same clothes for cheaper prices. As we promote J. Crews student discount and basic clothing items, we have a particular target market in mind.We are looking at this offer as an option or alternative for example, against the retail competition. It is an offer whose benefits are best maximized around college campuses and young professional environments. The discount solves the problem for students who want a back to school shopping spree that is easier on the budget. When we look at dollar value with regards to J. Crew, it is not just the discount itself that we are looking at but also the long- bourn utilization of the back to school basic items that have multi-purpose uses.So when you think of J. Crew clothing you might want to consider it as an investment, not as an expensive luxury. After all, same with any product you consider buying, you would rather put your money on quality and dependability over a cheaper product that will not last you nearly as long. What is even better about J. Crew is that it is a long term savings on your clothing budget and it will not be as affected by rising clothing prices due to its special student discount. You get more quality per dollar with J. Crew than any other clothing store.With more quality per dollar, consumers can wear their clothes for longer and consume less clothing, which means a lot of savings on their clothing budget. Consumers will feel comfortable wearing J. Crew because they know they are wearing a luxurious brand and saving money at the same time. Now consumers do not need to shop at the cheaper retailers as often as they used to and keep their money in their wallets for much longer. B. Support Why Should College Students Shop Here? J. Crew is prominently known for being a luxurious clothing brand with higher prices.The brand features collections of mens and womens clothing, accessories, and shoes, in classic styles with a J. Crew twist. Many of the products feature l uxury materials such as Italian cashmere and leather, Czech glass buttons, and British wool. J. Crew is the perfect brand to wear every day because it does the savings for you. When buying the back to school basics, you are not only using these items for a professional setting, but also in your everyday school and recreational outfits. The average college student would not normally be interested in shopping at J.Crew, but if they are informed of the college student discount and the basic clothing items that they offer, it will be more enticing to shop there. The biggest push is raising awareness of the student discount because most students are unaware of it. Since J. Crew is not advertize often, it would be most efficient to raise awareness to college students on college campuses with flyers or online through Facebook. When they become aware, it will make them interested to see what the store sells and perhaps beguile the student to visit a local store or shop online.During a vis it in store or online, the consumer will notice the advertised Back to School Basics and special student discount emphasizing the basic clothing items. These basic clothing items will be more charitable to students who now know that they can get regular discounts on clothes that they can wear everyday for any occasion. Basic clothing items and professional items will be a great investment for the average J. Crew shopper and many others. The average J. Crew shoppers are females ranging from ages 18-49.Most of these consumers are young professionals or part of families with incomes of $60,000 and greater. The shoppers who are in the age range of 18-49 and do not necessarily have the money to regularly shop at J. Crew, should have a opportunity to purchase basic clothing items and young professional attire. The important idea of buying J. Crew clothing is that it can not only be worn on teachers and students at school or in everyday recreation, but also when you graduate and get a jo b in the real world you can still wear the clothes for casual or business attire. C.Tone of Advertising When it comes to J. Crew, consumers original thoughts are expensive, elegant, and older professional. We would like to use a tone to raise awareness to college students and young professionals that would slightly alter a consumers thoughts. The tone that we would like to use would be young, playful, trendy, and basic. The tone would push the young professional look and Back to Basics slogan around back to school shopping time. J. Crew does not have commercials so implementing commercials with a young, playful, and happy tone would be most effective.These commercials would include young, professional looking adults jumping and dancing around with popular music in the background. The actors in the commercial would be wearing a mixture of basic items and professional items that are in all different colors to make the commercial appealing to the kernel and promote the basics that peo ple may not have noticed before. The idea in this would be to make J. Crews advertising more like GAPs and have it start appealing to more of the college kids and young professionals. GAPs 2009 Holiday Commercial is the perfect example of the tone J.Crew should promote. Most importantly, these advertisements and commercials need to promote money savings (such as the student/teacher discount) and Back to School Basics. The most important things to a college student is saving money, and looking good while doing so. If J. Crew follows this newly thought out plan, they will accomplish just that VIII. The Creative Brief J. Crew, specifically at Stonestown mall, is having difficulty reaching out to the college students at San Francisco State University. J. Crew is mainly categorized as expensive and for an older professional.By changing their advertisement strategies to have a younger feel, we hope to gain awareness of college students at SFSU. Our advertising plan will focus on college s tudents and young professionals. These students will be mainly females and most will be seen as single. They will make about $12,000 annually or less, most with part time jobs and attending school full time. College students usually enjoy social gatherings and night events where they can show off their style. They are looking for long lasting quality in basic casual and trendy clothes. Most college students visualize J. Crew as classy and old professional clothing.The brand is seen as expensive but college students regard J. Crew products as being high quality. The single most compelling idea we need to communicate to our target market is that fact J. Crew allows college students to wear high quality and fashionable clothes, while saving money at the same time. J. Crew is prominently known for being a luxurious clothing brand with higher prices. But the brand has also basic clothing items for the typical college student on which they can get regular discounts. Our desired brand tem perament/tone of J. Crew should be a young, playful, and trendy

Alembic Chemical Works Ltd Essay

The pharmaceutical companies dupe to do direct marketing by compulsion as they cannot advertise ethical products in laymans media for him, but are required to crowd only to the checkup profession. They produce fine visual aids and product literature which could either be sent as direct mailings to the medical profession or can be delivered to them through medical representatives.The Living LegendsWhat does one say about Lata Mangeshkar? That she has dominated the Indian film music scene for well-nigh four decades and promises to do so for atleast another decade? That she became a legend in her own vivification time? That here is a musical genius which comes about just once in legion(predicate) centuries? One could say all these things and yet be merely repeating what has been said a cardinal times over. And yet there is so much more to one is capturing one more zippy as poet which one did not realize had existed in her. Such is the quality of her sing.Very few of those who collect her at the pinnacle of her success realise the amount of effort, hard work end deprivation that have gone into building the facade which is so enviable. Born In Induce on September 28, 1929. new-fashioned Mangeshkar is the eldest in family of four sister, and a brother, all of whom have made a name in the field of music. Daughter of the noted Marathi st ripen actor-singer Master Dinnanath Mangeshkar, Lata revealed her musical genius at the tender age of five. Her first guru wee her own father and she avidly followed his musical stage plays.Lates give Mai Mangeshkar ha, one vivid memory of Lata as a child. It would seen that the young Late, one day, was singing a verse from one of her fathers. plays when she bumped against something. All rushed toward the unconscious child and tried to revive her. When she came to, however, Lata continued with the singing of the song as if energy had happened. This dedication to music led to her intro on stage. However, her fathers produ ctive shadow was not to last for long. On April 24, 1942 Master Dinanath passed away reportedly telling her moreover for the tanpura in the corner and these notebooks filled with classical music and songs and Gods blessings.I have nothing elseto give you. The familyspenury compelled Lata to sign a contract with MasterVinayaks Huna Pictures as an actress-singer. In the same year,1942, she made her debut as a playback singer with Vasant Joglekars Kia Hasool in Marathi under the nightstick of shripad Nevrekar .But taking up a career as a playback singer was still impossible. She continued with her acting career, acting in Pahili Mangeshgar (Marathi 42) Chimna Sansar (Marathi43) to a greater extent Bal (Marathi 43) Gajadhan (Marathi 44) Badi Mao (Hindi 45) and Mandir (Hindi 48) With Mandir Lata seemed to have reached a dead end.Mandir was Master Vinayaks last film, after which he passed away. She was no great shakes as an actress and her career in playback singing had not really taken off. Two age earlier she had made her debut in Hindi playback singing with Vasant Joglekars Aap Ki Sewa Afein under the baton of composor Dutta Dawjekar but nothing much had happened. However, stars served more benevolent. Ghulam Haider, who was then acoring the music for Majboor and who had seen and heard lata in the early. Forties, signed her up to sing a song for the film. Within a week of singing this song. Lata became the talk of the music human being and was signed up by three other musical giants.Khemchand Prakash for Mahal.The most important thing is to form the mundane promotion outstanding by creative heads. Promotion of S.S. Oberoi came out with a set of 10 four-page leaflets for Alcephin based on the theme The Living Legends. The folders are extremely well-executed well-designed and printed. The graphics and typography and illustrations are appealing. The idea is outstanding. Ten living legends are chosen and include names like Satyajit Ray (since then deceased), aim Teresa, Baba Ainte, Lata Mangeshkar, Sunil Gavaskar, R.K. Laxman, Abdul Kalain and Shivram Karanth. Each folder deals exclusively with one legend. The selection covers a wide cross-section of interests. Each folder is well-researched. It brings out the circumstances that inspired the magic in each of them. It becomes a collectors series. The centre-spread has the producers plug. A short write-up on the characteristics of Alcephin and the line The Legend Among Antibiotics. It is not intrusive at all. hitherto it is effective.

Explaining legal and ethical tensions between maintaining confidentiality and sharing information

rationalize how to support hard-hitting communicating inwardly your own job role. Communication is constantly happening deep see the day care center and in my job role I take on a responsibleness to communicate with round, service users and other professionals. I use various forms of communication but I withal seek to make sure that it is understood. Communication has got to be understood before it can be effectual and so I try to find comprehension when I am verb aloney speaking by getting staff to repeat what I birth asked them to do. I also write simply worded memos and emails to ensure ease of comprehension.When communicating with other professionals I speak clearly and seek affirmation when organizing meetings or proviso events. I also seek to write in a legible manner if writing to professionals. from each one service user has a communication book for reporting and informing families and carers of activities on a unremarkable basis, these are written in a legible way also. Primarily when communicating with each exclusive service user I seek to communicate in an understandable way and at a direct each soul will understand. The methods I employ are verbal, pictorial, object-based, physical prompts and signing.Analyse the barriers and challenges to communication within own job role. Propose improvements to communication systems and practices to address any shortcomings. Lead the implementation of revised communication systems and practices. Barrier/Challenge. Explaination. How could it be improved? How declare I improved it Deafness? Some of our service users have earreach loss and on occasions forget to bring their hearing aids to day care. This presents a severe communication challenge and barrier on these occasions.Bring hearing aid in daily. I have written a request in service users communication book requesting that hearing aids are sent in daily and suggesting that a spare is obtained in the event that his circulating(prenominal) h earing aid is broken. Visual impairments mean that visual cues and prompts are meaningless and this includes signing. Glasses could be worn. I have requested that service users wear their glasses to aid with communication. I have adapted ecumenic approach to service users to compensate for blindness. No Speech/Speech Impediments. Some of our service users have silly speech or no speech at all. With these service users an alternative form of communication is indispensable or an ability to listenintently and comprehend what they are saying. Picture/objects of reference.A jotter and pen to spell sticky words.For some of our service users I have drawn together objects and photographs of reference and each one acts as a word of vocabulary and provides an ability to communicate efficaciously. For one of my service users I have back up him to spell out difficult words to understand. Comprehension. Some of our service users have profound learning disabilities and their level of compre hension and understanding is very limited, however they communicate constantly.Alternative methods could be sought.One individual has been taught to eye-point at what she wants. Another gets preferably restless and verbal when he is upset and smiles and giggles when happy. Staff have been informed of how this service user communicates. condemnation Another challenge to rough-and-ready communication in the day care center is era. We are all busy and we dont always have the time to listen and to communicate the way we should.Better time management.Managing our workload allows us to take time with our service users. However on many occasions at that place is no solution as we are all busy and things need to be completed. Noise. One of the biggest preventatives and barriers to effective communication is noise. Is the music too loud? Is the television on? Is there too many nation in the style talking? Turn music/TV good deal down, close doors, ensure staff have a relevant reason for being in the day care room.I have ensured volume of music etc. is at an acceptable level.I have told staff to leave the day care room or to stop talking so loudly to enable the preservation of an environment conducive to effective communication. Distance. When communicating with service users or staff members at the other side of the room or down the corridor distance and space apart can become a barrier and a challenge to effective communication. Go to the individual you are communicating with. Although it is not always possible it is advisable to go to the individual and I seek to do this as much as possible. Computer System/E-mail. When sending or receiving e-mails it is necessary to have access to a working computer which is online.Have various backups when communicating via email. I have sent emails and to ensure that the information has been forwarded I havesent hard copies too.

Mary

Mary, What a day so farIt started off with Kathy calling at 6 a.m. She is a real mess. Kathy losss to come home. She hates it there and wants out. She realizes that she needs to take deal out of Joe, but she is falling apart.Then, at 11 a.m., I turn a call that track needs fluids and her immune system is worse than I thought. I am thankful that the bleeding stopped.Next, I asked to talk to Dawn. She was crying and falling apart. She asked if she just lowlife go live in her house. That way she could give you and Don your home back. She is very concerned that she is create too much stress on your relationship with Don.Kathy is miserable and so is Dawn. Dawn doesnt want to make anyones life unhappy, but I cant let her live on her own yet. She would die if left alone. I doubt she would make it through a week.Im not sure as shooting what to do. She has asked me not to ask you to do anything extra. I cant do that either. I dont want her suffering additional pain because you need to remove the fluids. You must do the therapy three clippings a week so she can stay dry. Being wet right hand now give only cause infections. please play the game as well. I authentically do feel this can help her brain get stronger. You will also need to jibe on her every hour or hour and a half to be certain to brood fevers and chills when she is sleeping.I have tried to ask you for as little as possible with Dawns care these days because I understand the problems between you and Don.Dawn tries to pull her weight around the house, with cleaning, cooking, and taking good care of you, but she feels she is not doing enough. She is ery concerned about the stress she is causing for you and Don.However, I told Dawn the husband-wife thing is not her problem to figure out. As adults, we need to figure that out, not the kids. The kids are the drear ones, yet we some period make them feel really badly even when that is not what we are move to do.For example, when Kathy and I were in Madison, we both wanted to take care of Joe, but we also complained about the scummy amount of time we spent together. Yes, we couldnt sleep together, but I made no labor to conk time with Kathy before her bed time and she didnt make any effort to put across time with me. So, what I am trying to say here is that we have to make time to spend with our spouses. No, we cant be together every night, but some nights we can go and get our spouses and spend that time together before bedtime.I have had time to think about this and I was just as much at fault as Kathy was for us not spending time together. My advice is that you learn from my mistakes. Some night, at 10 p.m., go get Don and spend some time together while Dawn watches her soaps. Just do like Kathy does, keep going to bed on time.Yes, it not the same as sleeping together, but it the time together that counts while taking care of this sick kid of ours. Trying do this two or three times a week.Im not sure how else to help you guys out. I could watch Dawn during spring break, but I think you told me that you already bought tickets. I am not sure what to do to help you guys. Everyone seems very miserable. Please tell me what I can do. I dont want Dawn stopping treatment in an effort to give you your life back.Dawn has been seriously talking about this for awhile now. She believes that if she dies, you will have the money to go someplace and make up for lost time. Mary, Im sure you understand that Dawn cannot continue thinking like this.Dr. Smith

Benefits in Youth Football

Since the creation of man, rollicks hand had a tremendous role in the way people live their lives. From the time we argon born, until our antique age, most of us are involved in some way with sports. Whether it is a scrimmage gamey of soccer at recess in elementary school, playing on the varsity athletic aggroup or simply watching the Olympics or sporting planets on television, sports view an influential role in our everyday lives.The revealstanding popularity of the sports industry has profoundly affected young sports organizations that an estimated twenty-six million babyren ages six by dint of eighteen participate in at least(prenominal) one school or community found athletic program (Smith & Smoll, 1997). Well structured sport programs can provide juvenilitys with opportunities to participate in activities that fool immediate and long term turn a profits, both psychologically, physically, and cordially (Willox, 1994).A large psychological benefit of sport particip ation is that sports can boost the ego esteem of the people participating. The self-esteem of children is boosted when cites, coaches, and other aggroupmates buy the farm the child positive feedback and show a sense of pride in what the child has accomplished (Bilich, 2006). Numerous studies progress to shown that girls who participate in physical activity such as sports are to a greater extent in all likelihood to have more positive feelings of self-worth/self-esteem and a more positive body image than girls who are not very physically active in sports (USA Football, 2006).This feedback is also important because it encourages young competitors to view success as achieving their own realistic goals, rather than depending on winning as the main reason for success. This psychological benefit of self esteem in many cases goes along with academic performance. A study conducted by hardiness Research of Wyoming found that by a 21 ratio for boys and a 31 ratio for girls, those who participate in sports perform better in school, do not drop out and have a better chance to blend in through college (USA Football, 2006).Young athletes can learn to like misfortune, whether its picking themselves up after losing a big game or not getting as many minutes in as they sine qua noned and can learn to find ways to contract with losing and go on, because theres another game in a couple days, next week or even next year. These youths can learn to figure out what to do to get what they want for themselves and they learn to derive that if they put in extra time on physical fitness or work on specific weaknesses in their game they can obtain personal goals. Kids who interpret heir involvement on a task as successful persist and their motivation to be involved remains high (Anshel, 2003). This lawsuit of attitude behavior can be used on the field and off the field such as a classroom setting. High quality sports programs in public housing locations can significantly r educe the arrive of behavioral and emotional disorders in children and teens that live out there in misfortunate poverty kindly class neighborhoods. Participation in sports help emotionally disturbed teens become more confident, more expressive, and more independent (Bilich, 2006).If you take into account the inner city kids that dont have a parent there to make them get up and go to school and so sports may be the decision making factor for them. A study done by the Womens Sports Foundation found that girls who participate in sports are 80 percent less likely to have unwanted pregnancies and 92 percent less likely to get involved with drugs than those who dont participate in sports (USA Football, 2006). Finally physically disabled youth who have interpreted part in sports have shown improvements in self esteem, self concept, and self acceptance.This is important because a youth who is physically disabled has every right to play a sport just like a youth who is physically heal thy and almost every sport out there can be modified to forfeit participation by someone with a disability. Also across the country, sports programs such as the Special Olympics that are designed for children and adults who wish to compete against others with mobility and vision impairments are growing in number (Devine, McGovern & Hermann, 1998).This is a large boost in the physically disabled youths self-esteem because that youth knows that their participation in sport allows them the opportunity to advance in sport just like a healthy youth can. Physical activity is essential for children therefore sport participation has many physical benefits for youths (Willox, 1994). In the unify States there is a very unhealthy trend of physically unfit children going on.According to a recent study by the Harvard School of Public Health seven out of ten kids in our nation are out of shape and the incidence of obesity has improverd by more than 50 percent among Americas children and teen s ince 1976 and continues to grow at a staggering rate (Metzel & Shookhoff, 2006). When children participate in sports activities they get some of the exercise they need to improve their quality of life and can help preserve children from worthy obese. Physical activity regulates obesity because it increases energy expenditure, suppresses ppetite, increases metabolic rate, and increases lean body mass (Willox, 1994). Even though regular physical sport activity has been shown to improve physical fitness, it can also help in preventing many different health problems down the line that youths who participate in sports are more likely not to develop than youths who do not participate in sports. Women who participated in organized sport and fitness programs as children have significantly higher done densities as adults than women who were not active as children (McCulloch, 1990). almost long term physical activities, particularly gymnastics and swimming, are effective in reduction whee zy symptoms, frequency of hospitalization, and use of medication for children between 5 and 14 years of age (Willox, 1994). By reducing the symptoms of the diseases the child may have to see a doctor less than if they were not participating in sports. Life is inherently stressful, and youth sports provide ample opportunities for child athletes to cope effectively with sport cogitate stress (Anshel, 2003).Therefore, sports and physical activity also allow youths to clear their minds of academic and accessible pressures, to literally influence off the tension thats accumulated in their muscles. This may serve as an inoculation to build antibodies in children against the more harmful stress viruses they will encounter later in life (Anshel, 2003). This can prevent children who have participated in sports not to develop negative lifelong attitudes toward physical activity, and continue an active modus vivendi compared to children who have not participated in sports may in the future experience an inactive lifestyle.Finally, because sports increase an ken of ones body and how it responds to different stimuli and circumstances, sports help prevent drug and alcohol abuse (Willox, 1994). Research has shown that students who participate in interscholastic sports are less likely to be regular and heavy smokers students who play at least one sport are 40 percent less likely to be regular smokers and 50 percent less lively to be heavy smokers regular and heavy smoking decreases substantially with an increase in the number of sports played (USA Football, 2006).Since most older and successful athletes value what their bodies can do and want to maintain those abilities, youths find this as the opportunity to also be a good athlete by telling their friend no to drugs, booze and other high risk, unhealthy behaviors. Sports are a social activity. Youth athletes develop relationships with their teammates and coaches that can sometimes last a lifetime.For boy, sports are a pr imary and alas sometimes the sole, way of socializing with others and in many schools and communities non-athletic males find it difficult to develop a social network at all for girls on the other hand, girls tend to define themselves through their relationships rather then achievements, sports offers yet another way to make friends and create an alternate peer group (Metzel & Shookhoff, 2006). Therefore youths involving themselves in sports can also socially and psychologically give children a meaning of self worth and self concept by having a feeling of belonging.This socializing and sense of belonging can also allow children and youth to develop their communication skills as well as learning to work together and encourage to produce teamwork. Sports also allow youths to take leadership roles and step out into the forefront (Willox, 1994). Whenever possible give youth athlete players an opportunity to make decisions that affect their play or the game because when a players posit ion, team strategy and other private decisions can help the team meet their needs and succeed the individual meets their needs for self-determination (Anshel, 2003).Self determination is a key factor in youths to continue absentminded to be socially involved in a team for their own benefit. Sport participation in children and youths are excellent places for teaching of cooperative values and skills such as communication, honesty, sportsmanship and teamwork that can promote a sense of strong positive and social values (Willox, 1994). Sports are very beneficial to children and youths that participate in them.Sports teach the participants many lessons that can carry over into the real world and help succeed in the rest of their life. In fact 80 percent of women identifies as key Fortune 500 companies participated in sports during their childhood (USA Football, 2006). Youth sports provide a safe environment where youths and teens can build on their goals and dreams of mayhap one day b ecoming a professional athlete, while also building their psychological, physical and social values for a more successful future.