Enrichment Issues in Animals: Andean Bear and Asian Elephant

Enrichment Issues in Animals Andean Bear and Asiatic ElephantIn this write-up the surroundal enrichment issues of two species ho utilise at the capital of Northern Ireland menagerielogical gardenlogical Gardens will be discussed. environmental enrichment slew be defined as the development of stimulating settings for wildcats within a menagerie as a inwardness for them to demonstrate species- typical behaviour such(prenominal) as exercising control or choice (Shepherdson, 1998). The two species in this peck being investigated atomic number 18 that of the Andean (spectacled) accept and the Asian elephant.Information on Environmental enrichmentEnvironmental Enrichment has often been describe as a merry role to the occasional c ar and consolidation of a species. The serve of enrichment techniques can divide into two broad categories inanimate enrichment and animate enrichment. Inanimate enrichment includes subdivisions such as novel objects, point traffic pattern, visual, auditory and olfaction foreplay. Animate enrichment includes educational activity, explore and interactions with humans and other wolfs. The two broad categories of milieual enrichment atomic number 18 internal as a style to nurture vividistic actions from a species unp diminisheded in captivity, for example, give away design needs to translate variable substrates and complexities instead than just being aesthetically pleasing. Nevertheless, it has been discussed that animal captivity has a veto effect on a species independent behavioral traits (Reference) and that environmental enrichment settings do not encourage the same behaviours as those build in the wild. zoo habitats atomic number 18 more than static in general compared to the wild as food for thought, shelter, safety and medical care are all provided. Most problems which pass in captivity can be caused by a overlook of stimulation and even the best kept zoos can charter animals who pay back with psyc hological discontent (Jordan, 2005). Carlstead and Shepherdson, (1994) gain suggested that prolonged exposure to an environment which has low takes of stimulation can cause an animal to become aggressive, lethargic and be slower to habituate in its virgin surroundings. Jordan (2005) has suggested that many another(prenominal) animals can stay from stress in captivity which can be shown in their behavioural responses such as pacing, regurgitation, excessive grooming and rocking. These types of behaviours are repetitive patterns and are referred to as stereotypic behaviours. Scientists have suggested that these repetitive behaviours whitethorn in several(prenominal) cases be an animals way of providing novelty to an environment lacking in stimulation.Asian Elephant -798 wordscapital of Northern Ireland zoological Gardens currently houses BLAH Asian elephants, who have an important role in the zoos conservation projects. The Asian elephant is a species located in Southeast Asian countries such as Sir Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam (References). It is smaller than its African cousin and considered an endangered species. In the Belfast zoological gardenlogical Gardens, the staff members filter to ensure the Asian elephants have a stimulating environment by tallying novel items such as tyres and obtain devices into the elephants enclosure. By the Belfast zoo having novel objects such as the tires, it encourages the Asian elephants to demonstrate species typical behaviours as the elephants have choice and control with objects thus providing active stimulation. additionally Belfast zoo incorporates other enrichment amenities such as having get stuck and rubbing posts in vary sizes. However, it has been noted that enrichment amenities should be turn such as logs, balls and tires as a pith to sustain stimulation for the elephants .Asian elephants typically spend up to 16 hours per day pasture for food in the wild, eating herbs, leaves, bark, roots, fruits and flowers (Stoinski, et al. 2000). Elephants food diets in captivity tends to nominate less transition than in the wild and by a zoo adding new food elements to their diet it can be considered a order of enrichment. At Belfast Zoological Gardens, keepers place food in trees, in food containing devices and in blocks of ice as a essence to add stimulation for their Asian elephants. It has been suggested that more complex enrichment methods such as the food containing devices, can involve teamwork which allows the animals to demonstrate more species-typical behaviours. Desmond and Laule (1998) and Mellen and Sevenich (1999) have noted that when animals have been given a choice of their food, they would prefer to work for it rather than be presented with it. Therefore, training enrichment provides one of the most complex learning devices for species. Additionally, Belfast Zoo spatially provides food which can be put in in strong locations.Research has suggested that the Asian el ephant strongly relies on its genius of smell in contexts such as foraging for food (Santiapillai and Read, 2010) or in genial communication (Langbauer, 2000 Rasmussen Krishnamurthy, 2000 Scott Rasmussen, 2005). Rasmussen (1999) and Langbauer, (2000) noted that the Asian elephants long-term stability is dependent on the effectiveness of its intraspecific communicational skills within its herd. The Belfast Zoological Gardens tries to ensure the species at their zoo such as the Asian elephant are in group sizes which they would be used to in the wild as a means to facilitate species-typical behaviours and communicational vocalisation. Visually the Belfast Zoo also places animals such as zebras and giraffes next to the elephant enclosure as they are often plunge near each other in the wild. It has been suggested that the visual stimuli of species can increase stimulation for the Asian elephant and have a calm down effect on its behaviour .The shape and the size of an animals encl osure are equally important for creating a stimulating environment for a species. It has been suggested that an open area should have defined spaces such as pools and rock features as a means to create a sense of the enclosure being larger and aiding in stimulation for the Asian Elephant. The Belfast Zoo also tries to encourage species typical behaviour in their Asian elephants by providing abut designs which would be encountered in the wild, for example having trees, slopes, wet found in a shallow pool and sandy terrains. It has been noted that dishwashing pools are common enrichment amenities found in zoos, as they provide the elephants a low-impact exercise as well as the species finding the water enjoyable. Blah (2009) suggested that captive elephants suffer at times life threating backside problems which could be the result of spending more time on gravid surfaces than the variety of choices available to them in the wild.The Belfast Zoological Gardens provides its Asian el ephants many levels of enrichment, including human related contact by keepers and through medical care. It has been suggested however, that a rotational exhibit design could be used as a means to increase stimulation, such as the one found at Denver Zoo which has five distinct areas. The rotational design means that the species can awaken to a new enclosure adding to environmental enrichment. Additionally, the new enclosure will have housed a different species the day sooner thus the overlapping scents can also provide a level of enrichment especially for the Asian elephants which rely heavily on their senses.Andean (spectacled) bearIntroductory of animal habits sex, survival instincts, housing, learning, other animal interaction, habitats this needs to be backed up with relevant researchThe difference between those found out in the wild and those found in captivityIs the exhibit design complex, provides various substrates and levelsTraining which occurs to build trust between t he animal and keeperOlfactory a keeper can introduce natural predator or prey scents, in addition to novel smells or pheromone scents.Auditory taped sounds or vocalizations can simulate things that an animal may hear in the wild.Food related this is the most widely used form of enrichment. Keepers can present food in a variety of ways such as in a simple puzzle feeder, hidden throughout the enclosure, scattered about the enclosure, or buried in a substrate. To get the food, the animal must use natural foraging behaviors and/or mentally solve the puzzle.Novel objects various items placed in an animals enclosure allow the animal to mimic behaviors exhibited in the wild or could challenge them. These items could include burlap bags, sheets, boomer balls, chaw toys, or a hammock.Research Participation in a research projects offers mental stimulation. (i.e., foraging skills research with giant pandas, cognitive research with orang-utans)Differences found between the environments of the two species which one provided better species-typical enrichment Environmental Enrichment has often been described as a vital role to the daily care and integration of a species. The process of enrichment is dependent on the integration of subcategories, such as how the exhibit is designed, the auditory noises, the scents introduced, food relevance, novel objects, training and research of the animal. The subcategories of environmental enrichment are congenital as a means to enhance realistic actions, for example, exhibit design needs to provide varying substrates and complexities found in the animals natural environment as a means to enhance the species-typical behaviour.Improvements which may need to occur for the animal to have a more productive lifespan Environmental Enrichment has often been described as a vital role to the daily care and integration of a species. The process of enrichment is dependent on the integration of subcategories, such as how the exhibit is designed, the auditory noises, the scents introduced, food relevance, novel objects, training and research of the animal. The subcategories of environmental enrichment are essential as a means to enhance naturalistic actions, for example, exhibit design needs to provide varying substrates and complexities found in the animals natural environment as a means to enhance the species-typical behaviour.Improvements which may need to occur for the animal to have a more productive lifespan Environmental Enrichment has often been described as a vital role to the daily care and integration of a species. The process of enrichment is dependent on the integration of subcategories, such as how the exhibit is designed, the auditory noises, the scents introduced, food relevance, novel objects, training and research of the animal. The subcategories of environmental enrichment are essential as a means to enhance naturalistic actions, for example, exhibit design needs to provide varying substrates and complex ities found in the animals natural environment as a means to enhance the species-typical behaviour. provide varying substrates and complexities found in the animals natural environment as a means to enhance the species-typical behaviour.CONCLUSION NOT WRITEN AS OF YET In conclusion the animals found in the Belfast zoological gardens did demonstrate some species typical behaviours due to the environmental enrichment techniques in place. Environmental Enrichment has often been described as a vital role to the daily care and integration of a species. The process of enrichment is dependent on the integration of subcategories, such as how the exhibit is designed, the auditory noises, the scents introduced, food relevance, novel objects, training and research of the animal. The subcategories of environmental enrichment are essential as a means to enhance naturalistic actions, for example, exhibit design needs to provide varying substrates and complexities found in the animals natural en vironment as a means to enhance the species-typical behaviour (Reference) operant conditioning as a means for animals to engage in. design needs to provide varying substrates and complexities found in the animals natural environment as a means to enhance the species-typical behaviour. provide varying substrates and complexities found in the animals natural environment as a means to enhance the species-typical behaviour.