DQ-4-Sheila Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

DQ-4-Sheila - Essay congresswomanAll these implying that organizations are to start getting ready to adopt the advanced internet applications that are expect to rise soon. Due to these many benefits, organizations incorporating this change will have to clearly choose its operational strategies on whether or not to align its internet use at both departmental levels and organizational levels aiming at yielding high production levels.Internet use at any organization ought to be decentralized. To dilate this, we need to put into consideration on how organizations were like before the advent of internet technology. During the genesis of internet use at various organizations, almost every other employer at different departments was hardly in a position to have any of the internet related computing devices at their disposal (Bull more than & Sporns, 2012). The typecast of data usage was determined by the mainframes run by the organization where the center staffs were having control oer the input and output at each and every step of the whole process. Upon request, the trained personnel that were satisfactory to program these mainframe machines were able to generate data along with information needed by the organization, for utilisation in the processing of payrolls. It is essential to note that most of the staff at different departments was ignorant when it came to this innovative way of processing data as it was only a task left for the Informational Technology (IT) departments in the organizations. As a result, the ignorant individuals became frustrated on the usage of this new technology.Recently, internet use at organizations has been shown a decentralized trend contrary to the later where it was centralized. As internet hardware and software became more cost efficient and reliable, organizations realized the need to make this process of internet use to be of self-governing in nature (Petter&DeLone, 2013). The inquiry, therefore, is to whether internet use may be

Susan Meiselas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Susan Meiselas - Essay ExampleThe Maryland Art Source web pageboy dedicated to Meiselas tells how she was presumption grants in order to begin film and photography programs in the school houses of the hoidenish south. Later she was able to combine her teaching ideas with oral history and photography and she continued to work with teachers in New York city at the Center for Understanding Media.In 1976 she joined the Magnum Photos co-operative. The members portray and interpret piecekind events , issues and people.Since that time Meiselas worked as a freelance photographer. She is best know for her pictures of human cruelty and coverage of human rights issues in Latin America, travelling in 1977 to Nicaragua to photograph the civil war then being conducted, with long loss of life, between the forces of the dictator General Anastasio Somoza Garcas and his Sandinista opposition. In 1981, she photographed a village in San Salvador which had been destroy by the armed forces and also took photographs of the El Mozote massacre which took place in the same year when Salvadorean soldiers , who had been trained by the military of the United States, killed some 1000 civilians in the name of an anti-guerilla campaign.Her work is known world wide Meiselas has had many one-woman exhibitions in Paris, Madrid, Amsterdam, London, Los Angeles, Chicago and New York. Her photographs are included in more permanent exhibitions both in America and elsewhere. She has been honored with many awards in recognition of both her work and her courage including the Robert Capa Gold Medal for outstanding courage and reporting in 1979 given by the Overseas Press Club for her work in Nicaragua. This was followed by the Leica demonstrate for Excellence in 1982, the Engelhard Award from the Institute of Contemporary Art in 1985. In 1992 she was named as a MacArthur Fellow. The Maria Moors Cabot Prize was given by Columbia University for her coverage of Latin America and she also

Business Ethics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business Ethics - Assignment ExampleAt several instances, firms face subacute dilemma regarding their functioning, which leaves them perplexed towards making further decision and then these rules help them to take the correct mistreat which is morally acceptable. Now questions might arise concerning what should be the moral standards of a person or organization. honorable standards be different for different situations. It should be given more priority than any other standards cerebrate to an organization, which includes self interest even. The guidelines specified for setting moral standards are the basic conventional norms against killing, lying, stealing, cheating and so on which hurts human wellbeing & promotes negative behavior across the society. Providing the employees with safe working conditions is also considered as an constituent(a) ethical part of the Organization. Thither is no rulebook regarding the ethical & moral standards because its something which is very ob viously anticipate from a person, as moral is a part of human nature & they are expected to cave in it when doing business with other individuals. (Shaw, 2010, pp.8-9) Ethical Theories The purpose behind setting up a theory digest belong to several contexts addressing various issues. Each theory has its own logic & each of those are relevant in situations based on which they have been formed. It must be kept in mind that a particular theory might prove to be perfect for a certain framework simply it might not suit a completely different situation. Therefore we will discuss here the three main theories of business ethics which are more or less applicable in every situation- 1. Deontological theory- The term Deontology is derived from the Greek word Deon which means duty. This class of theory puts more emphasis on the deed instead of the consequence & states that even if the outcome of an activity is good, still some acts are considered to be wrong always. agree to this theory, an action is judged to be ethical or unethical on the basis of the intentions of the instrument & our actions should be based on the set of rules irrespective of the outcome. There are many theories under the Deontology draw near but the most significant one is the moral theory suggested by Immanuel Kant in the year 1788. According to Kant, as human beings possess the unique sense of reasoning therefore they should be totally get to their duties without letting emotions, results & other factors to interfere. This indicates that the motivation for actions should be totally dependent on obligation & not on a particular person or situation. (GULCAN, n.d., pp.1-4) 2. teleological theory- Teleology comes from the Greek expression Tales that refers to goal or end. The Teleological class of theory defines an action to be right or wrong depending on the consequence it bears. unconnected the Deontology approach, this approach puts significant amount of focus on the outcome of an action. Here whether an act is right or wrong is totally decided by the output it delivers & not by the action. This theory showcases the following features Outcomes are important, intentions are insignificant An act is considered to be good only if its results are good Standards & rules are insignificant. (Sunita, 2005,pp.113-119) 3. inbred Law Theory- This law defines every

Managing Human Resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Managing Human Resources - Essay Examplegement in an international musical arrangement involves a combination of activities that maintain, stupefy and attract an effective workforce required to achieve the companys objectives (Mathis & Jackson, 2007). International human preference management (IHRM) deals with managing the expatriates and deals with how the expatriates adjust to the foreign culture and the management of a diverse workforce (Cieri & Et. Al., 2005). Organisations need to allot in place an effective performance appraisal system to develop the global and expatriate managers. worldwide performance appraisal is a strategic process that helps the multinational corporations to continuously improve their global operations through their employees by matching up to certain pre set objectives. International Performance Appraisal (IPA) sets the foot for compensation, rewards and promotions (Shen, 2010). The subsidiaries of the MNCs have different employees of different nati onalities which makes performance appraisal a critical task. Employees in the subsidiaries are the erect Country National (PCN), Third Country nationals (TCN) and the Host Country National (HCN). TCN and PCN together are cognise as expatriates. Parent Country Nationals are the citizens of the country to which the organisation belongs and they have the same cultural emphasise as the employees in their corporate headquarters. They do not have any knowledge about the array countrys culture, social and political conditions (Denisi & Griffin, 2005). Host Country Nationals are the residents of the host country in which the company operates and they are aware of the local culture, social and economic conditions (Denisi & Griffin, 2005). Third Country Nationals are bulk who neither belong to the parent country nor to the host country. They bring diversity in the organisation and the organisation benefits from their experience (Denisi & Griffin, 2005). Hiring a mix of these nationals en ables greater integration, control and mobilisation of

Living more than once Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

reenforcement to a greater extent than once - Essay ExampleI am fascinated about the title of the book, which I believe grabs the attention of the reader. As the wise saying goes, the container (title) is as important as the contents. The cliff by John Steinbeck is one such novel. The title appealed to me instantly and kindled curiosity to know about its contents. The Pearl is a function novella. It tells the story of a poor family and their only tidings is bitten by a scorpion and the family does non have money to provide him with proper medical treatment. Pearl is a precious item and so is the life of an separate which is comparable to the pearl. Some select and unique experiences fall to the lot of each individual and they are like pearls and at the given time no one realizes their importance, until one happens to lose them. At that stage the individual realizes the difference in life the pearl makes, in possessing it and in not possessing the same. done this great function n ovella one can easily connect its contents to ones real life situations. I think John Steinbecks main purpose of writing this novella is it to make the reader reconsider the importance of owning the things and count their blessings with a positive frame of mind. Others may not possess half of them. The novella begins with the introductory remarks about the man named Kino and his lovely wife Juana and their son Coyotito. They are poor and live near the sea shore. Kino has a boat which was given to him by his grandfather and the family is having a wonderful life. It is full of love, family warmth and safety. Most of us are not informed in the real sense what the advantages we are blessed with in life. They hanker in pursuit of more wealth and articles of luxury, which one does not really need and lose track of the real purpose of life. The family, though poor, happens to acquire a pearl and soon the situation changes for the worse.A scorpion bits his son and that provides the

Short Story Al Q Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Short Story Al Q - Essay ExampleMore so, there is real little or no evidence that occurrence of solicitude activities that relate to publication.The 9/11 Museum for typesetters case refused to censor an Al-Qaeda film even amidst criticism (Weiss, 2014). This is because, gibe to Akbar Ahmed, Chair of Islamic Studies at American University argued that censoring such publications was an offense to the Islamic religion because it would stigmatize the whole world into thinking that terror activities atomic number 18 done by Muslims. To make it clear, John Esposito, an apologist for Islam at the Saudi-funded Prince Talal Center at the Georgetown University insisted that if censorship was to be used, it was then important make sure that Muslim terrorism and Islamic terrorism are two independent terms that needed to be defined separately. Through such explanation, negative ideologies infix in deals minds that terror activities are purely carried out by Muslims could be dropped.Accordi ng to reports dating thirteenth Jan, 2015 on CNN (Wimple, 2005), censoring Al-Qaeda information would only generate in the altogethers and in return virtually people would end up reading all contents revolving around the Militia group. Therefore, disassociating from such propagandas, according to the CNN spokesman would be an intelligent way of protecting news reporters from being targeted curiously in situations where there is genuinely little evidence to support the claims. CNN host Carol Costello r said, CNN will not show you the new cover, which depicts the prophet Muhammad, because it is our policy not to show potentially offensive images of the prophet. (Wimple, 2005). The statement was made after people claimed that the media was censoring Charlie Hebdo out of fear of Islam (Hemingway, 2015). A critical analysis into the claim indicates that censoring Al-Qaeda publications, especially the Inspire Magazine could be a

European Trade Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

European Trade Policy - Essay ExampleArt. 113 lists a number of measures included in the CCP tariff rates, finding of tariff and trade agreements, uniformity in measures of liberation, merchandise policy and measures to protect trade. Art. 113 is not exclusive, just a list of examples. The EU has interpreted that the CCP includes the same elements as the external trade policy of a distinguish, meaning that the CCP may include trade regulation, as well as trade liberalization measures and protective measures against unfair commercial practices. As examples of defensive measures we can mention Anti-dumping Regulation, Illicit Practices Regulation and Counterfeit Regulation.EUs common Commercial Policy covers completely the primary(prenominal) measures bear on trade in goods and services and almost all trade-related issues, Trade-related areas partially covered by the common trade policy include company law, indirect taxation, standards and early(a) technical regulations, and e nforcement of intellectual property rights.The Community policy on imports is determined in the following personal manner imports into the Community are free from quantitative restrictions but only where more restrictive rules are not applicable. Restrictive rules apply for textiles and agricultural products. (Aarkog, 2005)B.In December 2005, the EU Commission announced that it would be phasing-out all export subsidies currentyl granted to exporters in the European Union. Critically discuss the likely implications for EU exports of the phasing-out of export subsidies. 60%World Trade cheek (WTO) members, which includes the European Union, are engaged in trade negotiations referred to as the capital of Qatar Development Agenda (DDA). The chief(prenominal) aim of the negotiations is to minimize barriers to internal trade in agriculture, manufactured... On the basis of Article 133 of the European Community (EC) Treaty, the European Commission negotiates on behalf of the Member States in reference with a special committee- the so-called 133 Committee. The 133 Committee is composed of representatives from the 25 Member States and the European Commission. Its main function is to coordinate the trade policy of the EU. The 133 Committee discusses the full range of trade policy issues affecting the EU, from the strategic issues surrounding the base of rounds of trade negotiations at the WTO to specific difficulties with the export of individual products, such as textiles, and considers the trade aspects of wider EU policies in order to ensure consistency of policy. In this Committee, the European Commission secures second gear of the Member States on all trade policy issues. The major formal decisions (for example agreement to launch or conclude negotiations) are then confirmed by the Council of the European Union.World Trade Organization (WTO) members, which includes the European Union, are engaged in trade negotiations referred to as the Doha Development Agenda (DDA). The main aim of the negotiations is to minimize barriers to internal trade in agriculture, manufactured products and services. One of the significant calls by the 2001 Doha declaration was the reduction, in view to phase out, all forms of export subsidies. This call was renewed again in 2004 during the negotiation for the Framework for Establishing Modalities in Agriculture.

Torts Law Problem Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Torts Law Problem - Case Study ExampleHis fulfils could at that placefore be interpreted as being binding upon MoreeRE Comp whatsoever, and thus establishing liability on the connection under the dogma vicarious liability. In order to file suit under the tort of negligence successfully, Cathy has to prove that there was employment of care owed to her by MooreRE Company and because of a breach of this duty of care, she suffered liberation and damage. In the face case of Donoghue vs. Stevenson,2 the duty of care was established as a fundamental requirement in any action for a tort of negligence. The court defined this duty as the fundamental duty of non undertaking an action where it is reasonably foreseeable that an act or omission would vituperate or down about loss or damage to those whom it is reasonably foreseeable that an act or omission would injure or bring about loss and damage to those whom it is reasonably foreseeable that they would be affected by such an act or o mission. Section 52 of the Australian Trade Practices Act 1974 provides that, A beau monde shall not, in trade or commerce, participate in mastermind that is misrepresentative or deceptive, or is likely to betray or deceive. From this provision, it is arguable that MoreeRE owed Cathy a duty of care not to engage in any conduct or making of statements that could be deemed as misleading or deceptive with the aim of procuring advantage thereof. The histrionics made by John to Cathy was misleading and it is in the reliance of this representation that Cathy secured the sale of her house for $100,000 less(prenominal) than the actual market value. This can be interpreted as a direct violation of the duty of care owed to Cathy by MooreRE Corporation, and because of this, she suffered loss. It is thus arguable that MooreRE breached this duty of care once their agent made those counterfeit representations. Reliance on the representation resulting from the breach of the duty of care the c orporation owed to Cathy led her to suffer loss and damage, hence completing the requirements needed for a successful claim under the tort of negligence. It is thus limpid that Cathys loss can be attributed directly to the breach of this duty of care that was owed to her by MooreRE Corporation. Cathy could to a fault succeed in a claim of the tort of negligence under the tort of misrepresentation. The cause of action could arise from either fraudulent misrepresentation or innocent misrepresentation. A misrepresentation occurs when person makes a statement, on whose reliance makes another person to act upon this statement, and as result of this reliance, the society suffers loss and damage. A misrepresentation could thus be either an innocent misrepresentation or a fraudulent misrepresentation. A representation is fraudulent if the political party making such a representation makes it with the intention that a party will rely on it, and such reliance will be beneficial to him. A r epresentation, on the other hand, amounts to an innocent misrepresentation where the party making the statement is unaware of the consequences of such a representation, and the party relying on such a representation suffers loss and damage from such representation. In the scenario, Johns representation cannot be termed as a fraudulent misrepresentation as he did not arrive the fraudulent intention to defraud Cathy through the transaction. This is because he thought he was carrying out business for his company with the

Women and Flexibility in the Workplace (week 2 assignment) Assignment

Wo workforce and Flexibility in the Workplace ( calendar week 2 ) - Assignment ExampleHowever, as clipping passes by, womens use fox changed and therefore, their needs mystify changed also. With the changing society, women need more tractableness. Women face geomorphological and social issues that affects their flexibility in the workplace. However, there allow for come a time wherein the workplace will adapt to the changing workforce to be more productive. In the video, Open Mind Women as Agents of kind Part I (2005), Kathleen Christensen raised the issue of the flexibility of women in the workplace. She argued that women need more flexibility in the workplace and the flexibility they needed is based on structural and social issue. Christensen believed that the private individual issues women ar facing argon not individual issues. She believes that these issues are structural problems. She believed that the structure of workplace is not suited for the women especially to the mothers (Open Mind, 2005). For the past years, women are expected to take care of the children, stay and organize home. However, as meagreness spreads throughout the country, American women changed roles and entered the workplace which before, is exclusively for men. In 1889, Jane Addams and Ellen Gates opened an opportunity for middle course women to work, thus ignited the evolution of women in the workplace (Giraffe, 2011). This opportunity gave women the chance to go beyond what they are expected to do. This lifted the spirits of many women in the history and inspired them to pursue more involution in the society. Based on the history of America, women served as important instruments of change. Women fought for their rights that resulted to many changes in America. They participated in wars and leadership. Women be that they are not only for housekeeping but they are also for the works that men commonly do (Smith, 2009). The works women do in the society is indeed helpfu l for the progress of the country, however, their first role as mothers still outweighs their roles as workers in the society. The role of women as mothers and household keeper is in employment with the demands of the present structure of workplace. The present workplace structure of the society is in conflict with the lifestyle of women. It affects their flexibility in work especially in time. The workplace of the society is intentional for male workers. From the beginning, men are the ones working for the family. Most of the employers in workplace demands full time job (Giraffe, 2011). This means that the desired employees should have a lot of time and focus for the work. The jobs that requires full time employees are not suited for women workers who have family. After working, women are expected to organize home and look after their children. The required 40-hour a week for an employee is heavy for a woman who has children to take care of (Open Mind, 2005). This is the reason w hy some women are not flexible enough to do requirement of their jobs. Aside from the demanding schedule, the structure of workplace is designed for mens activity. Before, farming is the dominating on hand(predicate) work for people. During industrialization, different companies opened and created more jobs. Also the prominent available jobs during that time are on steel, coal, mining and cars industries (Giraffe, 2011). It can be analyzed that throughout the history, the workplace is designed for male workers. Although the war made an opportunity for women to participate in labor work because most men were in the battlefield, the work give to women are just temporary and inappropriate. Today, the available jobs can now be categorized as blue collar and white collar. However, most companies still view women as little competitive compared to men thats why women cannot sometimes be in the job they wanted to be.

Research paper on stem cell research legislation and the related legal

On stem jail cell legislation and the cerebrate legal issues - Research Paper ExampleIt helps in studying of degenerative diseases such as leukemia as well the development of drugs that sens treat many complicated diseases currently without retrieve (Liras, 2010). This paper will explore stem cell interrogation legislation in regards to its history, ethics, future and related legal issues. History of Stem Cell Research legislation in the United States The history of ESC look for in US is closely associated with the abortion debate that has been around for over three decades. As beforehand(predicate) as 1973, the US Supreme Court legalized abortion in the case Roe v. wade in its decision through the argument that abortion is a private matter between a twist and a woman. However, the legalization of abortion also led to banning of federal funding on search touching on embryos or tissues. This ban did not affect the private sector which continued in the look for and saw the r ise of infertility inquiry and other related technologies. Conducting research is quite an costly affair and much of the fruits of research being enjoyed currently in the world have taken the concert efforts of both the private and frequent sectors. Therefore, much of the debate on ESC revolves around federal funding which can be very instrumental in achieving technological breakthroughs that seem untenable (Wertz, 2002). After the Roe v. Wade case ruling by the US Supreme Court that legalized abortion, the Congress imposed temporal moratorium on the funding of ESC research and allied technologies. This action by the Congress was taken so that regulatory bodies could be formed which in turn would come up with guidelines on the way forward. Prior to this ruling in 1974, there were no guidelines on which research to be supported with taxpayers money from the federal government. Shortly afterward this case (1974), a commission was formed (National Commission NC) which would be inv olved in the Protection of military personnel Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research (PHSBBR). The first order of business for the NC was development of ethical guidelines on ESC research which extended the same for fetuses and abortion. In order to make lighten its work, the NC later recommended the formation of Ethics informative Board (EAB). The work of EAB in turn was to continually review protocols enacted by the NC with regards to ESC related research. When the guidelines were put in place, a de facto moratorium was arrived at which allowed simple non-therapeutic research on embryos to continue (Hall, 2008 Wertz, 2002). Research continued in non-therapeutic ESC research with federal funding although the private sector was doing its own research in ESC. Outlawing of federal funding for ESC research really hampered its progress while other developed countries were slowly getting ahead of US. The de facto moratorium developed by the Congress ensured that basic research w as carried out which could not present a major breakthrough without attracting public outcry. Most of the findings and outcomes of these basic researches could not by any chance lead to the treatment of diseases which is one of the smart prospects of ESC research (Skene, 2010). Proceedings of the private ESC research came into limelight around 2001 when it was announced that human embryos had been cloned from adult cells. These embryos would thus be used to derive stem cells matching

Travel to Peru for Yoga Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Travel to Peru for Yoga - Essay ExampleOther elements such as product set and ease of acquisition come into play. For instance, you have a car and you want somebody to clean it each day (ideal situation) beca riding habit you feel bad about cleaning it every-day (actual situation) so you decide to outsource the services of an various(prenominal) or a specialized firm to do this task at whatever cost. You dont judge how to reach this ideal situation. So you wont have a purchase in this situation.This is the second most important element in the buying process of a consumer. at once the consumer had identify the need for a product, the consumer will explore possible solutions to the needed problem. They will look for more teaching or less information depending on the choices they need to make as pertains to the identified need. There be two main sources for gathering information. They are external and internal sources. The internal source is already turn in in the consumers memo ry while the external source is obtained from either friends, family or from the press. The consumer will pay such(prenominal) attention to the internal information as opposed to the external information to make purchase decisions.Once the consumer collects all the information, they will explore more alternatives that seem suitable to satisfy their needs and pick the maven that befits them. To make this possible, they will evaluate the attributes of a product. Each consumer has a unique way of evaluating these attributes. All brands are not equal to all consumers consumers prefer different brands to others depending on how they perceive these brands.Consumers will also use the information that they had collected previously to make the evaluation easier for them.At this stage the consumer has evaluated all the options available with regards to the products. The be part is to make a purchase for the product that ultimately fulfills their need. This stage may also be

Makeup Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Makeup - Assignment ExampleHoffman presents a disillusioned figure as she talks standoff and rubble of years of industrialization and governments. She further explains the Cartesian perception of the world, which she believes hurts the environment and humanity.The philosophy of Descartes primarily revolves around metaphysics and epistemology. Sonia brings in Descartes philosophy in the film by claiming that people have grown to develop the opinion that the nature is not a living organism. Sonia argues that Descartes plays a major role into making people view nature as a machine rather than a living thing. She picks out Descartes philosophy of the human body, which views the human body as a machine, as a fundamental way of thinking that led people to view nature inappropriately.In the film, Sonia asserts that the means of life itself is basically self-organization. According to her, life is all about self-maintaining, renewing and transcending. Life is characterized by the nescient propensity to generate new

Confessions of St. Augustine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Confessions of St. Augustine - Essay ExampleTo know God, one of necessity to substantiate the inner awareness about God. The humans are the give awayers of the record book of God God communicates to us. The Word of God does not hard and fast refer to the divine, holy, and religious books but for this it needs to establish a relationship between human beings and God. This relationship is nothing but that what we call prayer. Praying to God exhibits our intention to hear and respond to God who is well coexisted within the souls of all of us. The prayer asks for surrender to the faith associated with the path affluent of suffering toward God.St. Augustine says For Thou hast made us for Thyself and our nerves are restless till they rest in theewith reference to these sufferingsor in other words the church property which is like an opportunity forinternal emotional growth. The terms heart in a broader sense refers to the soul or spirit with adding to its limited meaning of affections andsensations. This heart ashes filled with restlessness in terms of desire for, with real consciousness and an urge toward, the unconditional, ultimate, and unrestrictedTruth. The life story of Augustine, until he found the internal relationship with God, remained full of miseries, sins, lusts, wicked thoughts, etc. These words of Augustineindicate that the true essence oflife lies atconversion of human with God, the Creator. The image of God is coexisted withinallhumans ever since the onsetbut due toour sins that image gets lost causing a barrier between us and God. Since there isthis barrier, in between, wecontinue to be restless and joyless when the reunion is establishedthrough the conversion we feel the ecstasy. The early life of Augustine was highly influenced by negative episodes that filled hislife with sinfulness. He viewed the human nature as wicked and proneto doingnothing good. If anything good comes, it comes from and through the power of God Augustine praises the power of God. This is the reasonwhy he was led to the knowledge ofhuman nature and finally to achieve true happiness when he found God.The form for something beyond is a natural tendency in all of us. We just cannot feel the peace of take care through the experiences of our life for which we pose questions to meaning. There always remains a thirst for satisfying illumine and some inner security with regard to the mysterious world around. This process starts from the birth till the bite we die. If we start surrendering ourselves to the mystery of life, at least then onward, we happen to be on the way of distinct for something indefinable and this search find us to arrive at the greater realities that surround us. The definition of spirituality could be given as to be the response to mans awareness of God whenhuman sees God as range and responds to Him. The method of this may vary among different religions. To converse the path of life made of materialistic achiever into the p ath of spiritualistic gains, we needthe awareness ofGod. Augustine was, maybe, the greatest man in this regard who found his triumph tosolve the queries and mysteries of life with mastery over the awareness of God.This is the result why his confession standsunique with no comparison in scandalize of

Answer Fences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Answer Fences - Essay illustrationThis is a clear indication of the racial discrimination that exists between the black community and whites in the US. It is for this power that Troy prevents his parole from participating in sports. He approaches the school team coach and warns him about his sons involvement in the team. In addition to this, he cancels the white mans get down from North Carolina to recruit his son. Cory is extremely furious about his dads resistance and insists that he give not leave the school team. It is a clear indication that Troy has some experience with discrimination. rosebush Corys mother pleads with him to allow their son to participate in sports. She says, Why dont you allow the boy go ahead play football, Troy? Aint no harm in that. Hes just trying to be like you with the sports. Bono depicts racial discrimination when he says my grandfather used to pull his teeth with plier. They aint had no dentists for the colored folks back and so. Elements of corruption also exist in the play when Troy sets a man free grease ones palms paying

IT-8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IT-8 - Essay Example2. Does the technology even exist to support a bargon-assed inventory dodge? This would be accomplished by speaking with external vendors, as well as scrutinizing the IS capabilities of other companies (as a benchmark) to uncover whether a system exists which can support a new IS system and end the paper hassles.3. Who will support these new systems? This question is a very important one, as the business will be forced to allocate specific workers to monitor the new inventory system and the new Web-based applications. This will represent potential payroll department increases, thus it should be addressed to management parties responsible for making these decisions.4. How will the new IS system be promoted to build business? This would be addressed to the appropriate marketing management who must determine how stovepipe to let employees and customers know that they have a new system designed to facilitate the exchange of nurture (regarding inventory and the new website) from one outlet to another.Because the new website is designed to assist online customers in making purchases, it is absolute that each product is appropriately linked to both product support pages and the checkout feature. This will mean running through the testing procedures, moving products to their virtual checkout cart, and assessing whether the application allows for purchase without any opening to the consumer.Step 2 in this process is to identify whether the sites background, fonts, screen sizes, etc. are all created in a way that will not slow down the consumers computer or make the site difficult to read. Appropriate colors, as well, will make the site more visually friendly and inviting to the customer. In order to test this, the site will need to be reviewed by the testing group to determine whether the site causes slowdowns or other issues that turn off the customer from making a purchase.Each individual user

Pearl Harbor Battle Analysis Essay Example for Free

drop curtain check involution Analysis EssayOn a pleasant and beautiful Sunday, December 7, 1984, lacquer implemented a astonishment labialize on the US nautical Base in ivory exact got on the island of Oahu, Hawaii which gave United States a door to enter into ground War II. Even though lacquer did non amount through and through with the attack causing the third wave of bombers to break contact from drop bombs to finish off the rest of the fleet docking in Pearl apply, it was a well prepared, and cautiously orchestrated attack on the Americans because the Japanese followed al nigh all the nine Principles of War. However there was mavin principle that the Japanese did not executed causing them to surrender later on in World War II.There are nine Principles of War, that is unity of command, mass, verifiable, offensive, surprise, economy of force, maneuver, and gage. The attack include massconcentrating the combat military unit at the decisive place and season. The objective was clear and directed every military operation towards a clearly defined, decisive attainable objective. The attack was clearly offensive where it seize, retained, and exploited the initiatives. Surprise was the definitely the most important principle used striking Pearl shield on a given clock time when it was unprepared. Economy of force was allocated to the wave of attacks where essential combat power was given as a secondary cpetroleum causal agent. The maneuvers were clearly executed where Japan placed United States in a position of disadvantage through the flexibility application of combat power. There was unity of command in which the Japanese ensured each objective had a responsible commander.Unity of command was visible within the Japanese fleet. The commander for the December seventh 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor was admiral Isoroku Yamamoto (PeopleJapan, ). Yamamoto was responsible for the combined Japanese fleet where he devised the strategy for the att ack, and because of his careful, organized, and educated planing, Pearl Harbor was almost fully bring downed. Under Yamamoto is Vice full admiral Chuichi Nagumoto who was in command of the First Air Fleet. Nagamuto relied heavily on the experience of his subordinates Comander Minoru Genda, and Rear full admiral Ryunosuke Kusaka. No atomic number 53 can truly understand what happened at Pearl Harbor with show up at least a gesture acquantance with these men, for the plans inception, preparation, execution, and stunning success were shaped by the personalities and experience of these men (Goldstein, 1991).By agent of mass with in the nine Principles of War, the Japanese attack forces was well equipped for the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7th, 1941. Japan understands that their country cannot defeat United Staes in a established war, lacking as it did sufficient man power and raw materials (notably oil) for such a sustained effort however Japan was able to put together comb ined fleet large enough to go toe to toe with the United States Navy in Hawaii (Long, 2007). Japanese air attack forces consisted of sestet carriers named Akagi, Kaga, Soryu, Hiryu, Shokaku, and Zuikaku. Support forces consisted of two battleship and two heavy cruisers known as T single and Chikuma. Screening forces consisted of one light cruiser and nine pulveriseers named Akuma. Patrol forces had three submarines. In addition, the supply forces ha eight oilers. in concert these combined fleet was named the Kido Butai, or task force which was the largest number of aircraft carriers ever to operate together (Carlisle, 114).admiral Yamamoto and the Kido Fleets objective was to destroy the marine ships in Pearl Harbor and knock out the U.S. Pacific Fleet. In retrospect, this attack is withal an offensive attack as a significant Japanese fighting force so that the Americans could not oppose on Japans conquest of due southbound East Asia and the Pacific Islands. Another reason for the attack is because President Roosevelt had banned all exports of scrap iron, stigma and oil to Japan. The reason for the embargo was the Japanese invasion of China. Japan had lost more than 90% of its oil supply (Carlisle, 2006). The economic isolation crippled their economy and military.In addition, Japan were keen on expanding their empire and had to make a decision between surrendering or going to war with the United States. Lastly, United States had not yet entered the Second World War, because they were keep mum reeling from depression due to the First World War. United States did, however, still possess the strongest naval fleets. In that perspective, the Japanese were almost as strong as the American navy. As time passed, America favored more and more towards joining the war. The Japanese anticipated a full-blown naval war with America and therefore, decided to act first by bombing Pearl Harbor which was a key terrain feature in the Pacific due to its massive and deep comfort for naval ships.The element of economy of force was also present during the attack on Pearl Harbor. This allowed Japans nil bomber to allocate minimum essential combat power towards the attack. With the economy of force, the element of maneuver also played abig role towards the raid. There were two aerial attack waves, totaling 353 aircraft that was launched from the six Japanese aircraft carriers. In actuality, Admiral Yamamotos plans consisted of three waves of attack. The first wave of attacked was launched at 0740 with 163 aircrafts that was coming from the North Shore.Their objective was to destroy airfields at Wheeler, Ewa, Hickam, and Pearl Harbor. The second wave was launched an hour later to the Windward side of the island with 167 aircraft bombers. Their mission was also to destroy airfields in Kaneohe and Bellows, Hickam, and Pearl Harbor. Admiral Yamamoto called off the third wave because he believed the second strike had essentially satisfied the main objecti ve of his mission which was to cripple United States Pacific Fleet. In addition Admiral Yamamoto did not wish to risk further losses.With Admiral Yamamotos careful planning of the Pearl Harbor attack, Japan was successful on completing their objective in the Pacific by destroying the Naval fleet. However, they failed to follow through with the element of security. Security states that Japan should make up never permitted United States from acquiring an unexpected advantage. With Admiral Yamamoto calling off the third wave, this allowed United States to get back up on its feet. Japan may have won the battle on Pearl Harbor, however that decision woke up the sleeping behemoth causing Japan to surrender the war to the Americans.The biggest impact on the Japanese attack was the element of surprise which was Japans key tactic on Pearl Harbor and other military bases on Oahu that struck Americans as a dastardly attack stab in the back. On December 7th, 1941, everyone went about their daily routine. Naval and military commands in Hawaii did not suspect that this day would be the day they would get a huge surprise by getting attacked. Washington and Honolulu were aware of the Japanese threats to attack areas in Southeast Asia but they didnt think a surprise attack at Pearl Harbor was in the plans. The commands in Washington and Honolulu had no idea because based on their intelligence they authoritative mostly from U.S radio intelligence and diplomatic code breaking, the intelligence received told them that the Japanese were moving south and they werent going to be in danger.Washington received intelligence from the office of naval intelligence a few hours before the attack indicating that the all of Japans fleet carriers were in their home waters. This was one way how the Japanese completely fooled and the U.S. intelligence and surprised them with a damaging attack on Pearl Harbor and other military installations. Sunday mornings are normally a time of leisure fo r military personnel, and during this time, especially in the morning, some are still asleep, or at perform with their families. With the Japanese knowing this, this was the best time to launch their surprise attack because they knew people would not be able to respond to the attacks quick enough to fight back and it would be the perfect opportunity to destroy all of their fleets and aircraftsJapans careful and well orchestrated attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7th, 1941, destroyed almost all the American Naval fleet in the Pacific. This allowed Japan to continue its imperialism towards Southeast Asian without United States interference. Even when Japan failed to follow through with the element of security towards United States, they still followed almost all the nine Principles of War in order for them to have a successful raid. The third wave of attack could have the destroyed the fuel storage, maintenance, and dry dock facilities that would have crippled the U.S. Pacific Fleet far more seriously than the loss of its battleships. If they had been wiped out, United States could not have been able to bounce back, join the war, and eventually forced Japan to surrender.Work CitedCarlisle, Rodney P. December 7, 1941 One daytime in History The Days That Changed the World. New York Collins, 2006. Print.Long, Tony, July 27, 2007. Dec. 7, 1941 Attack at Pearl Harbor a Bold, heroic Gamble. Wired.com. Conde Nast Digital, n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2013. http//www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2007/12/dayintech_1207Goldstein, Donald M. The Way It Was Pearl Harbor. The Original Photographs. Washington Brasseys, 1991. Print.Global Research. Pearl Harbor A Successful War Lie. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2013. http//www.globalresearch.ca/pearl-harbor-a-successful-war-lie/22305How Did Japan View the Pearl Harbor Attacks? ThinkQuest. visionary Foundation, n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2013. http//library.thinkquest.org/CR0214300/nz lacquereseview1.htmlHoyt, Edwin Palmer. Pearl Harbor Attac k. New York Sterling Pub., 2008. Print.Kam, Ephraim. Surprise Attack The Victims Perspective. Cambridge, MA Harvard UP, 1988. Print.People-JapanAdmiral Isoroku Yamamoto, IJN, (1884-1943). People-JapanAdmiral Isoroku Yamamoto, IJN, (1884-1943). N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2013.http//www.history.navy.mil/photos/prs-for/japan/japrs-xz/i-yamto.htmThe Attack by the First Japanese Wave. The Attack by the First Japanese Wave. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2013. http//www.pacificwar.org.au/pearlharbor/FirstWaveAttack.htmlTures A. Tures, LaGrange. William billy goat Mitchell, the Man Who Predicted the Pearl Harbor Day Disaster. Yahoo News. Yahoo, 06 Dec. 2011. Web. 23 Jan. 2013.Wisniewski, Richard A. Pearl Harbor and the USS genus Arizona Memorial A Pictorial History. Honololu, Hawaii (P.O. Box 8924, Honolulu 96830) Pacific Basin Enterprises, 1986. Print.

Millions With Chronic Disease Get Little to No Treatment Essay Example for Free

Millions With Chronic unsoundness Get small to No Treatment EssayRelation to Management The management team of every giving medication is expect to make passle employee trims to be able to maturation their competencies at work, which includes their wellness status at work. Helping employees suspend developing chronic illness through giving them better access to wellnessc ar assistance availabilities as well as giving them fine environment for work is a huge step up in solving this issue on the part of the organizations management team.The rate of employees having the need to mussiness with misfortunate from chronic disease increases every year, especially in the American region. It could not be denied that the stress and the pressures that to the highest degree employees deal with at work costs their lost of health stability. The article of Reed Abelson aims to show how many another(prenominal) employees today are already affected by the illness.As the years of econom ic downfall everyplace the world enters the scene, the problem becomes even more serious thus demanding a more serious caution on the matter from the management teams of the different business organizations all over the world. (Abelson, 2008, Intenet) The near disturbing issue that has been noted by the author is that most of the people having this particular illness actually receive lesser attention from the administration of the business organizations that they are working for.This is the reason why Jeffrey Harris and his colleagues decided to search for evidences that essay that chronic disease among employees in America today and thus be able to find a solution to the said issue. The group of Harris conducted a pilot test of the American Cancer Society body of work Solutions, which they applied as intervention system in the work operations of eight major employers in the Pacific Northwest. The said intervention proposed at least 15 major focus-activities that are further su bdivided into v categories that are listed as followshealth insurance benefitspoliciesworkplace programshealth promoting communicationtracking of employees health behaviors to metre patterned advanceAlong the said butt of intervention, the researchers even added a 4-meeting session to be held with the employers of the companies involved for both months which are to begin with handed questionnaires that are designed to asses their involvement in the program and how well their employees are faring due to the effects of the program.(Harris, et al, 2008, 16) TO be able to test the effectiveness of the program, the researchers decided to present the data in a before-after pattern which gave a clear depiction on how the program affected the existing systems of the organization and the health awareness culture that the said business organizations adapt to.Why have the research been concentrating on the employers as source of motivation on the staff personnel of the business organizati ons tested and not enjoin the study on the employees at once? There are three main reasons why this process had been considered effective by the researchersEmployers have power over the workplace environments that directly affect the health of the old-aged employees of the organizations.Employers casing rapidly mounting healthcare and productivity costs that could affect the process by which they aim to caution the health of their people at work.Employers are the once who are in charged of controlling health insurances of employees.These reasons actually showed how much the employers could do to imply a health-conscious environment at work and thus increase health assured number of employees, in the aim of trying to help them avoid the causes of Chronic affection that could result to long time illness.As a result of the study, the data gathered by the researchers showed that most employers who to involved in the study chose to impose non-smoking policies. Since it appeared to be the least expensive and actually the easiest way to assist employees to be health conscious, it has been the favorite of the employers. Least applied on the organization on the other hand is the solarize-protection program which aims to protect the employees, especially the ones working in the field, from being affected by the heat rays of the sun at work. (Harris, et al, 2008, 13)It is also through this study that it was found out that employers are less able to consecrate policies, especially when they are not at first handed through a written end that would outline the significance of the process to their business and their employees as well. More over, the study revealed that employers are more than free to learn how to deal with the health needs of their people. Primarily, this is because aside from increasing the employees loyalty to them, it also serves as a protection to their gains in the future time as it would help them avoid paying for unnecessary or emergency heal th cases that their employees have to face.From the study analyzed, it could be noted that employers are indeed expected to engineer serious consideration of their employees health as they are considered to be the organizations foundation at once and in the future. Hence, the application of health-conscious programs on their part for the benefits of their people is an essential part of employee loyalty enhancement proceedings. be able to establish such particular program in an organization makes the process of dealing with health issues in the organization be met with better ease and understanding on the part of the parties involved in the situation. True, as Abelson notes in his article, understanding the health needs of the employees working for the success of the business actually ensures the progress of the entire business in the industry that they are involved with. This is the reason why the management team of the organizations today should actually give focus in answering t hese issues to ease the employees of the health problems that they need to deal with and thus give them better chances of performing better for the business organizations sake.ReferenceHarris JR, finical J, Hannon PA, Mahoney E, Ross-Viles S, Kuniyuki A. Employer adoption of evidence-based chronic disease prevention practices a pilot study. Prev Chronic Dis. 20085(3).Reed Abelson. (August 2008). Millions With Chronic Disease Get Little to No Treatment. http//www.nytimes.com/2008/08/05/business/05health.html?_r=1ref=businessoref=slogin. (August 5, 2008).

CanGo Essay Example for Free

CanGo EssayIssue 1 No clear strategy for expansion CanGo has had its success, and presently they are looking into the future. Their question is, Whats going to help them grow? and as Liz said, Turn them into a mighty oak. CanGo recognizes that branching out and delving into new territory pull up stakes be profitable and its popular with investors since theyre thinking of going for an IPO. The possibilities of adding e-books, streaming audio and video is hip but they also recognize that the online turn industry is on the cutting edge for growth. With all of the brainstorming ideas CanGo has they do recognize theres a scarcity of resources such as capital and people. RecommendationThe management team at CanGo is effective of ideas related to expanding its product line. Liz has mentioned the possibility of E-books, music and video, and Andrew suggests online gaming. Expansion is just one topic, as the company is considering oblation IPO ( sign public offering). The brass is c ontemplating major decisions without professional guidance. The employees will soon be asked to juggle much responsibilities, without the appropriate resources. CanGo should seek additional consultation specific to the objectives it wants to achieve.In addition, the company must consider the try and where to allocate resources to be maximize profit. Furthermore, there will have to be some degree of publicize and marketing to generate interests. CanGo feels that the best way to handle new ventures is to use in-house employees. Pulling employees from jobs they are already doing will no doubt take away from quality. We recommend that Warren and Liz take into consideration the fortune cost of expanding at this time. Will the benefits outweigh the cost of expanding.Issue 2 No capital for expansion CanGo must consider how to combine its control resources to produce the best mix of goods and services. A cost-benefit analysis will help them measure the cost and the benefits correctly. They will need to think to the highest degree two types of analysis (1) fringy Analysis and (2) Cost-Benefit Analysis.Recommendation Performing a marginal analysis will examine how the costs and benefits motley in response to their incremental changes in actions. Any additional action that CanGo does will bring about additional cost so, type of analysis will determine if the expected benefits of their actions exceed the added cost. It was mentioned casually that the scarce source of capital as an IPO. This point was expounded upon by the poor sandwiches being provided.I dont think Warren made the comment to be rude, but to illustrate the point that financial capitol is limited especially in terms of expansion. CanGo is generating interest in its industry and community. The time is ripe to offer an initial public offering. CanGo needs professional guidance in analyzing what is value and assess the possibilities of an IPO. It may consider victorious advantage of its success in J apan. CanGos IPO does not have to be confined to its vicinity it has to start thinking international in scope. Its popularity in Japan alone may generate the capitol required to expand in product, personnel, and infrastructure.

To What Extent Do You Think That Conditioning Essay Example for Free

To What Extent Do You Think That Conditioning Essay two Pavlov and Skinner have proven that animals can be trained to expect a result feeler from a type of condition due to past experiences. However, it may not be the same for sympathetic beings, as they have much more complex minds than any other species on Earth. undefiled and operant conditioning may work only on some humans only it may not work on some other humans. operative conditioning is when a living being experiences penalization or any consequences when committing a particular act, it leave behind often stop doing the same thing nigh time, as it doesnt want to experience the consequence again. However, some human beings are an exception to the laws of operative conditioning. For instance, a teenager may continue stealing even though he/she has been caught and punished. The reason behind it is because it efficiency be the only way to survive, or it could be a habit the teenager cannot get free of, similar to smoking. In some more scarce occasions, the teenager might feel that it is right to steal, as if the world owes him/her, which motivates the teenager to continue committing his/her crime.Nonetheless, there are under some circumstances that fit into the criteria, such as if a person almost got crushed by a car when crossing a road, he/she would be much more careful in the future, as the person doesnt want to die.Classical conditioning is training a living being to respond to a specific stimulus, such as a dog salivating if a ringing bell is heard. This type of condition may work on more people than on Operant condition. The reason is because Classical conditioning is more on the persons utility whereas Operant conditioning is mostly on consequences. Human beings tend to commit acts that at least make headway themselves before benefiting others therefore Operant conditioning will sometimes not work because it might imprint the persons benefit. It is only on some situations that Op erant conditioning will work as it helps prevent consequences occurrent to the person again.Human nature is a very complex system that enables human beings to be distinguishable from the theories of response and stimulus. They will not just think if one thing happens, another result will follow. Some people will think of other possibilities, which makes the whole situation extremely complex. Classical and Operant conditioning may work on toddlers as they still have very simple thinking, but as humans grow older their minds will also become more advanced as well as complicated, making their thinking not as straightforward as the theories suggest.Classical and Operant conditioning may not be 100% efficient on analysing human behaviour, but if it is use on other animals or on human toddlers, it will be quite effective.

Black Madonnas Essay Example for Free

minatory bloody shames EssayAccording to Scheer Black Madonnas have went from majesty to mystery with the construct of race as a science toward the annihilate of the 18th century. With this construct of race it begins to dramatically undermine the pious interpretations of the objects and images muffleing the Black Madonna. A car park theme used is that the Madonnas became black unintentional, has greatly affected the depth into which the study of the Black Madonnas has gone. Michael P.Duricy gives three categories in which the Madonnas can be placed 1) Stygian brown or black Madonnas with skin pigmentation matching that of the indigenous population. 2) Those that have shimmer black as a result of certain physical factors such as deterioration of lead-based paints, amass smoke from the use of consecrated candles and the accumulation of grime over the ages. The third and final category is a residual category with no ready explanation. Charles Rohault de Fleury and Stephen Beissel support the second category that the images were blackened by the surround elements.There are two strong theories that if the Madonna was indeed intentionally darkened it was because the Madonna was to exemplify a text from the Canticle of Canticles or Song of Songs that said I am black but dishy Stephen Benko summarizes the other theory as relating the Black Madonna to the ancient earth-goddess and then converted to Christianity. The nigh fertile soil is black in color and the blacker it is the more suited it is for agriculture.Scheer mentions that the ideas of pre-Christian beliefs are preserved in the folk culture of the Black Madonnas earth centered spirituality at the manoeuvre of the hypothesis of the color choice of the Madonnas. Scheer says that there is no mention of color of the Madonnas only the recurrence in motifs of a miraculous find and the refused removal of the object or painting. Lastly, Scheer mentions that the votive tablets do not speak of when the i mages became black but when they were perceived Black.

Function of Plant Organs Essay Example for Free

Function of set out Organs EssayAs was noned in the previous chapter, most plant cells ar change to a greater or lesser degree, and arranged together in tissues. A tissue send packing be simple or complex depending upon whether it is composed of mavin or more than one type of cell. Tissues are further arranged or combined into variety meat that carry out life functions of the organism. whole works organs include the leaf, radix, cool off, and reproductive structures. The first three are sometimes called the vegetative organs and are the subject of exploration in this chapter. Reproductive organs will be covered in Chapter 5.The relationships of the organs inwardly a plant body to each other remains an unsettled subject within plant morphology. The fundamental question is whether these are truly different structures, or just modifications of one basal structure (Eames, 1936 Esau, 1965). The plant body is an integrated, functional unit, so the division of a plant int o organs is mostly conceptual, providing a convenient way of approaching plant motley and function. A boundary between beginning and leaf is particularly difficult to make, so botanists sometimes use the word shoot to refer to the stem and its appendages (Esau, 1965).The Leaf -The plant leaf is an organ whose shape promotes efficient gathering of light for photosynthesis, but the form of the leaf must also be balanced against the fact that most of the loss of water a plant might suffer is going to occur at its leaves. Leaves are extremely variable in details of size, shape, and adornments like hairs. Although the leaves of most plants carry out the same very basic functions, there is stock-still an amazing variety of leaf sizes, shapes, margin types, forms of attachment, ornamentation (hairs), and even color.Examine the Leaves (forms) page to learn the bulky terminology used to describe this variation. Consider that there are functional reasons for the modifications from a basi c type. The pedestal The stem arises during development of the embryo as part of the hypocotyl-root axis, at the upper end of which are one or more cotyledons and the shoot primordium. The Root The root is the (typically) underground part of the plant axis specialized for both anchoring the plant and absorbing water and minerals. Root (Follow any links for terms you do not understand and to gain a complete picture of root structural variation) Be sure to interpret about and understand the meaning of each (at a minimum) of the following terms adventitious roots, endodermis, epidermis, gravitropism, root cap, root hair, stele, taproot. Most of the material you have read discusses the root organ as found in the angiosperms (flowering plants). However, among the vascular plants, only Psilotales lack such an organ, having instead rhizomes that bear hair-like absorbing structures called rhizoids (Eames, 1936 in Esau, 1965).

Samsung and theme park in Korea Essay Example for Free

Samsung and depicted object pose in Korea EssayTitle of the case Samsung and root park industry in Korea 1) Is the Global base pose industry an interesting industry to be in? a) Rivalry among existing competitors Is the industry growing rapidly? Yes,because of the increasingly fierce arguing and the maturity of the market. parsimoniousness Do the 4 biggest players view together more than than 80% of market sh be? Yes, because 4 biggest players which atomic number 18 The Walt Disney Comp whatever,Time Warners Six Flags Corporation, Paramount, Anheuser Busch and Cedar Fair have together more than 80% of market share. vicissitude of competitors ar competitors all of approximately the same size?No,because it depends on the land size and different regions ar the competitors diversified quite a specialized? Yes. root word park by and large have a global theme to propose. Diversity of competitors were getting more intense. Product note Are there important increase differences and shop identities betwixt the competitors? Yes,there was a variety of parks and attractions, each with a different approach to fellateing crowds and present them a good succession. That are Cultural and Education positions Outdoor recreation Park Theme Parks were generally family-oriented entertainment Byzantinees that were built somewhat a themeWater Theme Parks.That doer theme is equal to brand. Are products complex and do they require a detailed understanding on the part of guests? No, the rides and attraction are not require teaching. Would clients incur portentous costs in fracture to a competitor? No,ticket prices for consumers is very cheap. Excess capacity and exit barriers Is the industry with no intermittent oer capacity? No. Important over capacity of extra staff during spring and summer Is it tricky to get out this commerce because there are specialized skills and facilities or long term withdraw commitments? Yes, it is. Economies of shie ld and the ratio of fixed to variable costs.Are there economies of scale in this industry? Yes, the economies of scale and scope were significant in the industry. Increasingly, Parks got larger and long-dated to generate more operating revenue enhancement. Also, companies had multiple parks to take advantage of the learning curve effects in the management of theme parks and the increased economies of scope. Most of the operating expenses for theme parks ( al well-nigh 75 per cent) were for personnel. Are the fixed costs of the business a relatively low portion of total costs? No, because land developing costs around 50% of investments and advertising campaigns around 10%.b) panic of new entrants Capital requirements Is a lot of cr admitwork ingested to enter the industry? Yes, because the theme park business required a large-scale sign investment, typically ranging from $50 million to $3 billion. Is equipment high-ticket(prenominal) to acquire / to serve? Yes, because land development costs, Amusement machinery costs, Working capital and Amusement equipment are all expensive to acquire. Economies of scale Do large firms have a cost or performance advantage in the industry? Yes, they have. M some(prenominal) parks sporadically added new attractions or renovated existing ones to draw repeat customers.The parks typically reinvested much of their revenue for intricacy or upgrading purposes. Absolute cost advantages ( graduation mover advantage) Does experience help to continuously degrade costs? Yes, because large firm such as Walt Disney Company, its financial profile was generally used to mensurate the ease up on investment within the industry. The revenues for the theme parks segment of the Walt Disney Company were at US$2. 042 billion in 1988 and grew to US$3. 4 billion in 1993. Operating income was pegged at US$565 million in 1988 and US$747 million in 1993.With this clarification,large firms has enough experience to help to continuously lower c osts,most of revenue to be reinvest for expansion purposes. Does a fledgling have any problems in obtaining the necessary skilled people, materials or suppliers? Yes, they have. In some countries, where land was scarce, governments limited the area of the land that the developers could take up for theme parks. Park administration was dependent on the government for utilities such as world-beater, gas and water. A typical effect required for arranging government approval for a theme park could be as soaring as two to five classs,depending on the country.Product differentiation Are there any trademarked product differences in the industry? Yes,because the theme park industry had three classes of inputs the building and construction function that provided landscaping and architectural support the hardware providers that supplied merriment machinery and the software providers that supplied management know-how. Are there any established brand identities? Yes, because the park man ager should work with tour operators and government tourist promotion boards to draw the tourist crowds to their parks. Theme parks spent about 10 per cent of their annual revenues for advertising.Radio, newspaper, yellow rascal (telephone book) advertisements, family and group discounts, and direct mail were the most commonplace promotional methods. Do customers incur any significant costs in switching suppliers? No, because the customers dont care about the price. Access to channels of distribution Does a newcomer to the industry face tryingy in accessing distribution channels? Yes, because theme parks spent about 10 per cent of their annual revenues for advertising. Radio, newspaper, yellow page (telephone book) advertisements, family and group discounts, and direct mail were the most common promotional methods.Governmental and legal barriers Are there any license, indemnification of qualification which are difficult to obtain? Yes, because the licence and insurance of qualif ication are all difficult to obtain, because government regulations were quite unmitigated because of the extensive land use and security. Licensing requirements and methods of ascertaining operational expertise to ensure visitors safety varied from country to country. avenging Can a newcomer attend strong retaliation on entering the market? Yes, because the insurance premiums were extremely high in some parts of the world.Given the likelihood of accidents in the cheer parks and the possibility of serious injury, 100 per cent insurance coverage was a must in the industry. c) Threat of substitutes Has the customer no real substitutes? No, there are Various substitutes for customers former(a) modes of entertainment Propensity/ willingingness of buyers to substitutes Is the customer unlikely to substitute? No, customers can easily substitute, because they want to try something new, something different, cheaper, safer, better or more convenient. leave alone the customer incur cost s in switching to a substitute?Yes, because they meet more complex needs. Free admission parks and beaches, tenting trips, or even video-movies at home were competing options for leisure time. It path if customers have enough leisure time while the price is lower than theme park or have the same type of entertainment, they were probably change their mind. Price/performance characteristics of substitutes Have substitutes performance limitations which do not completely offset their lowest price or is the performance advantage of substitutes not justify by their higher price?Yes, It was the availability of leisure time and a high discretionary income that control the commercial recreation industry. Like video-movies at home, customers cost little even though they cant go out for fun. Is it difficult to perceive performance differences mingled with industry products and substitutes? No, because Theme Parks industry do not fit well with High tech image of Samsung. d) Bargaining pow er of buyers Buyersprice sensitiveness 1) Importance of the item as a isotropy of their total cost Are customers not exceedingly sensitive to price?Yes, because in a good economy, customers do not have a vast deal of bargaining power within the theme park industry. Although the entertainment facilities as a proportion of their total cost, customers just focus on the rides themselves,it shows that buyersprice sensitivity are not highly. 2) Level of differentiation Is the product unique to some degree or has accepted branding? Yes, like special simulators for amusement purposes using proprietary technology were creation developed by technology-intensive companies. Does the customer face any significant costs in switching suppliers? No, because the customers are not affected by suppliers.3) Level of competition between buyers Are customers businesses/activities/finance remunerative? Yes, because to handle the admissions revenue a centralized ticket system was generally preferred . An all-inclusive admission price entitled customers to as many rides and shows as they desired. This approach led to longer stays at parks resulting in increased food and beverage sales. 4) Importance of the sold product to the quality of the buyers product/service Yes, successful park managers used extensive merchandise research to understand their customers and also spent a lot of effort in promoting the park.To reach the several(a) groups, parks emphasized increased beautification and the range of entertainment and food services offered. Relative bargaining power 1) Size and concentration of buyers relative to suppliers Is there a large egress of buyers relative to the number of firms in the business? Yes, there are local families,childrens groups,the evening market,corporate groups and tourists. Is there a large number of customers, each with relatively small purchases? Yes, each customer just buy one ticket. 2)Buyers information Does the buyer need a lot of important infor mation to properly buy?No, they dont need any information to buy a ticket. 3) Ability to enter the other party business through upright integration Is there anything which prevents the customer from taking suppliers function in-house? No, there isnt anything to prevent the customer from taking suppliers function in-house. e) Bargaining power of suppliers Sensitivity to suppliers price 1) Importance of the item as a proportion of total cost Have cost of purchases no significant influence on general costs? No, significant for landscaping, machineries (hardware) and know-how (software).The amusement equipment required for the park was expensive, most of it going from $1 million to $50 million. The software charged huge licensing fees which were over 10 per cent of the revenues. 2) Level of differentiation Are inputs (materials, labor, supplies, services) standard, rather than unique and differentiated? Yes, because these inputs provided by the supplier that the value constitute a larg er proportion in the total cost of the product of the buyers, that is to say bargaining power of suppliers will increases greatly. Is it possible to switch between suppliers quickly and cheaply?No, the amusement machinery industry had grown over the years. Because most of the large drives which has a unhurt market position, they have many buyers so that not controlled by the market competition of firms. 3) Level of competition between suppliers Are suppliers businesses meshable? Yes, because admission fees constituted over 60 per cent of the total revenues of a theme park, while the rest came primarily from food, beverage, and merchandise sales. 4) Importance of inputs to the quality of product/service Yes, because customers expect high level of quality along all areas of the theme park.Users also expect adventures and experiences in an mushy environment at a calculable risk. Relative bargaining power 1) Size and concentration of suppliers Are there many potential suppliers? No, like special simulators for amusement purposes using proprietary technology were being developed by technology-intensive companies such as Sega Japan and Simex Canada. Is there no major dominant supplier(s) ? Yes, the amusement machinery industry had grown over the years. Most of the large drives, such as the Hurricane or the Giant Wheel, were construct in Japan, Europe or the United States.2)Information Is it easy to compare suppliers offer? Yes, because there were fewer than 10 suppliers who were capable of developing quality machinery, such as DOGO of Japan, HUSS of Germany, and ARROW of the United States. 3) Ability to enter the other party business through vertical integration Would it be easy to enter the business of suppliers? No,because most of these suppliers worked globally, and the machinery were custom designed and made to order to fit the particular market and environment conditions. Summary overall industry rating.Favorable Moderate Unfavorable Intensity of opposit ion among competitors v Threat of entry v Threat of substitutes v Bargaining power of buyers v Bargaining power of suppliers v 2) More specifically, will the idea of theme parks work in Korea ? Yes, because there is an increase of Theme Parks convey in Korea that is creating a booming in leisure domains, leading to a potential very profitable if running in this business. The theme park industry was still in its early stages in Korea, and had a history of less than two decades.However, indications were that the industry was growing globally, with more players entering. Rivalry between established competitors the Korean market is becoming mature with 33% of worldwide Theme Parks are based in Asia. In Korea, around the Seoul area , there were six themes parks. The most notable player in these region are Lotte World , Seoul Land and Yongin Farmland. Each of these firms offers theme parks with varying experiences, everlastingly trying to debut the newest and best experiences in order to stay ahead of one another.A great example of this can be seen by looking at these three major theme parks. New attraction and technology can agreeable customers. Lotte World has a series of their own entertainment, Seoul Land is more of a entertainment place for short visit,Farmland planned to revamp its theme park with addition of the water park, a global fair and the expansion of the existing zoo. all year new attractions, restaurants, entertainment, and hotel offerings are announced in order to influence people to attend the various parks.This rivalry also affects the profits of these theme parks as they typically see a good return on their investment year over year. Other forms of competition comes from free admission parks, beaches, camping trips. These are either free or cheaper than paying for a trip to the theme park. Threat of entry The little terror of new entrants of theme park in Korea is particularly high. Theme parks around the world need a large scale initial i nvestment from $50 million to $3 billion. Land development cost ,amusement machinery cost and working capital are the main component of the capital investment.Another causation is land use, Seoul where land is scare. The land requires for building or expanding a theme park unremarkably involved considerable large land plot. The government often gives firms long periods of approval. Theme parks always have a large economic of scale in order to attract much more customers because of the rides and services which need satisfy customers demand. Threat of substitute Farmland plan to develop a vivify town in Yongin with luxury hotels, golf courses and resort accommodations catering to customers with families and spend longer time in Farmland.The challenge for Farmland is finding ways to entice customers to spend their vacations with them as opposed to trips to the beach, admission parks, camping trips or staying at home and watch video-movies. Bargaining power of buyers In a good econom y and during the holiday seasons, the buyer bargaining power is low where there are many patrons to the theme park. Since the Koreans do not have many vacation leave and Korea is a temperate country , the only time for Koreans to go out with their family will be during the mid summer to mid autumn period.These will be the peak period for most of the theme parks and it is term the high seasonality. When the high seasonality period is over, the customers bargaining power will be high and the theme parks must uprise their promotional activities or special events to attract customers to visit the theme park. Bargaining power of suppliers the suppliers to the theme park industry have a lot of bargaining power. DOGO of Japan, HUSS of Germany and ARROW of the United States are just a few of the major companies who create the attractions found in most of the theme parks throughout the world.Every year,the IAAPA hosts a convention where the newest technology is put on display for the consum ers (theme parks). In an effort to keep customers unbalanced year after year, theme parks have the opportunity at this convention to see the newest technologies first hand and decide what to bring to their theme parks in the future. This can negatively affect the profit level of theme parks, however, as they bid against one another as they vie for the best technology, drive up the prices and reputation of the suppliers. 3) Should Samsung invest in the proposed Master Plan ($300 million investment)? Yes, but should be more because theme park developers chose land sites in a central area which was relatively expensive in Korea and several important criteria are missing in this plan to be complete and realistic. For example, the fact that Farmland is going to build new attraction and extend some others to make them more attractive is a point that required the whole advertising campaign to be reconsidered entirely, and also more impacting by focusing on all those novelties. This is an important operation that will raise a budget fit to more than 10% of the revenue in the group, plus other unexpected extra costs.

The Relevance of J.D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye in Modern Times Essay Example for Free

The Relevance of J.D. Salingers The backstop in the rye whisky in Modern Times EssayIts highly intriguing that years after its publishing, The Catcher in the Rye remains such an intriguing novel to teachers, students, and the general population alike. Yet through analyzing the main themes of the book, matchless can deduce that although the slang and fashion might be outdated, The Catcher in the Rye is silent relatable and relevant. This can be primarily attributed to the constant theme of puerile angst and desire for rebellion, a common hint spurred amongst the young for decades. The book also remains relevant because of the history behind the book as fountainhead as the culture it has created. Regardless of opinions however, J.D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye, although written half a century ago, maintains relevancy in this time as a coming of age novel that opens perspectives and boldly exposes themes that were once tabooed in the American society.To begin, Holden has primarily maintained relevance in the modern age because he continues to give a voice to the youth of our society. Taking a tone of rebellion, Holden separates himself from the society that is so illegitimate in his eyes, and designms to take a hop a realm of his own within his mind. This primarily entails his disrespect for few adults and the rules they make for everyone. You can see Holdens disdain for adults during his conversation with Mr. Spencer, I could shoot the old bull to old Spencer and think about those ducks at the same timeYou dont have to think too hard when you talk to a teacher. (Salinger 18). The aspect of Salingers novel that is most relevant to youth today is how it shows teenage years as a time of conflict and change. contrast is found not only between a teenager and their society, but also between opposite people, and even within themselves. Holden seems to despise his environment, mocking others as phonies and criticizing actions and events everywhere. S ays Holden about a friend of Sallys, he went to Andover. Big, striking dealHe was the kind of a phony that have to give themselves room when they answer somebodys question. (Salinger 165) This is parallel to the infamous teenage stereotype of rebellion and disobedience, as youth today are perceived as arrogant and absentminded to create their own rules. The novel provokes emotion within the reader because they are finally able to plug in with someone on that level.On that note, the book also connects with a teenagers insecurities and self-evaluation, proven by its usage by other authors. An example of this would be the novel King Dork, in which the main character Tom criticizes his groom for lauding The Catcher in the Rye when it really isnt that special. The truth of the matter, however, is that Tom is extremely similar to Holden, in that they twain have emotional and complicated lives as teenagers filled with angst and discord. The fact that Catcher is referred to so much in this novel that is half a century newer shows that J.D. Salinger has made an impact in youth literature and created a template for which writers can explore the complexity of the teenage mind.Finally, the book remains an essential part of the twentieth century culture not only because of the message of teenage angst it portrays but because of the following it gained and notoriety of some supporters. Notably, The Catcher in the Rye was noted to be an integral part to two separate, high visibleness murder attempts, one of which was successful.The most famous incident was the 1980 assassination of John Lennon by Mark David Chapman. Chapman, who at one point even tried to change his name to Holden Caulfield, assassinated John Lennon in 1980. When arrested, Chapman was clutching a copy of The Catcher in the Rye, and wrote inside, This is my statement (Ball). In an interview, Chapman stated he was literally living insideThe Catcher in the Rye (Chapman). While Chapman was institutionali zed, and the connection he made from the book to the murder has yet to be determined, the mystery of the books inspiration for murder subdued intrigues people (Ball).In conclusion, The Catcher in the Rye still captures interest from readers today because the message of teenage angst and growth is timeless. The novel is able to effectively portray a teenagers rebellious nature and rejection of society that masks uncertainty of ones own self. It also has a sense of mystery surround it, as inspired one of the most well known murders of the 20th century. J.D. Salinger captivates readers because the novel lacks the stereotypical loot coating of a young adult novel it gives a true perspective on the discommode of being a teenager and exposes a whole new realm that people can appreciate. plant life CitedBall, Sarah. J.D. Salingers Influence. The Daily Beast. 27 Jan. 2010. Web. 23 Sept. 2011. http//www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2010/01/27/the-gospel-according-to-holden.html.Chapman, Mar k D. Mark David Chapman in His Own Words. Interview by Larry King. CNN. 30 Sept. 200. Web. 22 Sept. 2011. http//transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0009/30/lklw.00.html.Salinger, J. D. The Catcher in the Rye. Boston Little, Brown, 1951. Print.

The United States economy Essay Example for Free

The United States parsimony Es understandThe economic lines that are plaguing the United States economy at the present are numerous to say the least. Since the collapse of the Housing market, the United States has experienced what some have come to call an economic recession. tour it remains to be seen if the United States economy is really undergoing a recession at this point in time, this situation can be used as a great opportunity to point egress the current struggles of the American economy.The much touted and highly publicized US $700 billion bailout plan is argued to be swell for the economy as a quick fix to the problem yet there are a number of economists who feel that the real solution to the problem lies in establishing more solid fiscal policies as opposed to monetary policies. As several economists have pointed out, the monetary solution of providing an economic stimulus package without addressing the entire problems is only a quick fix. The world is beginnin g to realize that all of the credit and financial problems that the world is facing right now cannot be solved by throwing money at it. The problem, as pointed out, is not simply that the world is experiencing a slow down but that there are fundamental flaws with several of the worlds largest economies and as such these problems have to be addressed. Any monetary insurance policy will simply result in concealing the glaring holes in the economic systems and will not provide the needed answers to the problem.There seems to be no end in sight for this economic problem as governments all over the world announce new economic stimulus packages. There too seems to be a dearth in fiscal policies that are designed to solve this problem. In state to arrive at a more effective solution to the problem, it is important to accompany these monetary policies with unfathomed fiscal policies in order to create solid economic fundamentals that may prevent the occurrent of financial crises such as these in the future.References Davidson, Scott. (2003). Economics Perfect Competition and Monopolistic Competition. 2nd Series. Bantham Books 103-105. Davis, K. (2003). The be and consequences of being uninsured. Retrieved February 4, 2008, from http//www. cmwf. org. Stone, Diane. (2007) Market Principles, Philanthropic Ideals and Public Service Values The Public Policy Program at the Central European University, PS Political Science and Politics, July 545551

Introduction to Criminal Justice Essay Example for Free

Introduction to venomous Justice EssayThis definition of a plague comes from (Merriam-Webster On-line Dictionary) and reads Crime an act or the armorial bearing of an act that is forbidden or the omission of a duty that is commanded by a public rightfulness and that makes the offender liable to punishment by that virtue especially a gross violation of the law. There are several definitions of crime, but there all consistent for the most part. People who come out crimes are held to answer for the crimes they are accused of. For this, we must(prenominal) have a judicial system in place that is average and balanced. Although the psyche accused of committing the crime is sometimes judged before hes rase gone to court, he must be allowed certain rights and due process. Those rights must non be violated prior to a trial. Its this system that makes Ameri bunghole what we are. Sometimes there are cases that make us feel that the psyche macrocosm tried should just be execut ed or sent to jail, because the media has fundamentally tried and convicted the person prior to trial.This was evident in the Casey Anthony murder trial. Most Americans and the media had convicted her prior to trial. She was found not guilty earlier today by twelve jurors. Is the system sportsmanlike? Who knows, but this is the reason, lots of large number believe there should be professional jurors for high profile cases like this. On the other authorize our judicial system has been around for a long time and delivers in most cases a fair system of government that protects the innocent, the victims and the accused.Of course all parties involved dont feel this way found on where youre at during the judicial process, but its a system thats fair to all parties. The system is overseen by federal systems that try to keep order and balance throughout the country. Without each of this we would be a country with no law and order. Vigilantes would run the streets creating their own law s and chaos would prevail. The three components of the twist justice system are The Police, The Criminal Courts and The Correctional Institutions.Each one of these components has a very specific function and go hand in hand with one another. For example if a person is arrested by a patrol officer for a residential burglary, there is a series of events that occur on the law enforcement side, before the curious goes to court and before he becomes a part of the correctional institutions. . erst an officer confirms a crime has been committed, he must place the person under arrest and fork out there was presumptive cause to arrest the person.This information goes into a Probable Cause statement thats submitted during the booking process. If the suspect is questioned he must be advised of his Miranda rights by the law enforcement officer. Evidence must be collected to prove the crime was committed and the person being charged committed the crime. The suspect is then transported t o the county jail for booking. The officer must then document the incident in a police report and be able to articulate the elements of the crime have been fulfilled.The evidence must be book and the police report must then be submitted to the dominion Attorneys office inside a 48 hour time frame before the suspect is arraigned in court. If any of this fails to happen the courts could release the suspect under Penal Code 825. The case can still be submitted to the District Attorneys office, but it will be filled out of custody. If this process has been completed mighty the criminal courts takes over their function. Once the suspect goes to court for his first appearance he is advised of his charges and the probable cause is confirmed by the courts.During this phase the report and evidence collected are examined by the defence force counsel to see if the suspect has a chance of winning the case. If the defense attorney feels that his client whitethorn lose the case establish off o f the evidence presented he may be allowed to plea good deal in which the suspect could plead to a lesser crime or admit guilt to the crime he is accused of. There are several things that determine if this allowed to happen, to include the suspects past criminal memoir and the seriousness of the crime.If the courts feel there is enough probable cause and the suspects rights have not been violated, the suspect will be held to answer to the charges brought against him. Otherwise the suspect could be let free based on the lack of probable cause, lack of physical evidence or the suspects rights being violated during the arrest or questioning process. If the suspect is held to answer he will then go to an arraignment. Once there he will plead either not guilty, guilty, or no contest. If a person pleads not guilty he is set for pre-trial at which time his case is handled by the persons lawyer.If need be the case goes to trial where he is judged by twelve of his peers or the person plead s to a lesser charge and the case is closed prior to the trial. If a trial takes place and the person is found guilty he will be sentenced by the judge based on the crimes committed. This can be immediately or shortly after the trial. If the suspect is sentenced to prison he then becomes a part of the correctional institution. After sentencing he is usually turned over immediately to the custody of the sheriffs department while awaiting transportation to prison.

Pre Industrial England 1450-1750

Pre Industrial Eng cut down 1450-1750Pre-industrial England was a finish that laid the baseation for the industrial revolution. Its too vast with more lurchs that may seem to contradict itself if confined to a single definition. In the early beginnings of the period, the ratio of realism to land was low, with small rural communities heavily eng get alongd in agri desti race. Markets were imperfect, along with simple/sluggish engineering science just aboutly beca lend whizself, the pre-industrial man was unaccustomed to launching or simply did non see the need for live reducing innovations. The method of production was mostly boil intensive with little big(p) equipment if any at all.The description thus far is fitting for the period 1450-1650. During this period population growing fluctuated widely, mostly because of famines and diseases. It is creditable to none that the family was the demonstrateation of the home saving and in aggregation the essence of the pre - industrialize miserliness. The family structure was the stemma of know directge, wealthiness and in many cases legitimacy (particularly in the case of women).During this while, England was a benefit of status. Ownership of land was the young of status and the quickest behavior to political leverage. This dance band in motion the incentive for development the lust to acquire more land through the plouging back of profits into the purchase of land. It was during this time that the concept of permit was developed. Though the industrial revolution started in Britain, during the period 1450-1650 England was can its continental counterparts in almost every(prenominal) frugal respect. Though population growth fluctuated, it had an upward trend unfortunately the primitive economy was otiose to absorb this surplus labor. Consequently, pre-industrial Britain was plagued with unemployment and underemployment.As if the latter was not bad enough, high mortality rates obligate a young population to work and an overwhelming climate of beggars and vagabonds emerged. One interesting way the economy sought to absorb the excess labor was through the immigrations of this surplus to cities e.g. London.Europe had long been competing among itself for mod markets and afflictive materials. This led to the beginning of colonialization and the discovery of unsanded lands. Britain had long been and persisted to be an exporter of mostly raw materials. Before boats and mod trading routes were invented and discovered, trading was problematic and capital accumulation was down right impossible. The medium of exchange was badly defined and barter proved to be complex because of the double coincidence of wants.In the mid fifteenth century, at that place was an evident shift in the export of raw materials to manufactured superbs, mostly the export of cloth. (refer to fig 1 p 50) Very quickly cloth export accounted for 2/3 of all exports, most of which were destined for colonial territories and Low Countries. In light of this positive change, England was still largely a capital product producer, as such they had a high import dependency on continental Europe. by dint of immigration, England was able to import modern skills and techniques and in few cases capital. While England began to harness the exponent of this intake, t here(predicate) was a discovery of specie in South America. This do capital accumulation a little less(prenominal) difficult and further fueled divvy up.Though industrial jobs were seasonal because productive activities were predominantly dependant on the seasonality of crops, glimpses of urbanization could be seen. Artisans and craftsmen were the first manufacturers who often worked with just an apprentice their capital formation was small, neertheless, growing. The location of industries were unfree on the labor supply and occupations of all nature started to emerge and change continually as taste, fads and panache change.In the book, the economy of England 1450-1750 by D.C. Coleman England was described as having habit of borrowing and improving, rather than inventing Though homegrown inventions occurred, this habit was embedded in the English national trait. In light of this copy cat near of the English, from the 17th to eighteenth century, English patents had increased drastically. Patents in this case are used as a proxy to represent the quantity of inventions/innovations. See fig. 2 p 154.In brief, English industry in the century from 1650 to 1750 can exhibit a variety of innovations, nearly of a radical nature in that they are represented injections of capital equipment which had the effect of raising productivity. Some involved a new use of power-driven machinery or opened up new possibilities therein, for example, in silk-throwing or cotton-spinning, some saw a re situatement of one outstanding input in the production process by an different, for example, coal for charcoal, travel and atmospheric pressure for horse- or man power. The quote above taken from the economy of England 1450-1750 by D.C. Coleman, adequately sums up the importance and impact of the innovations taken place in England at the time.Pre-industrial England (Analysis)Why was the pre-industrial age the way it was? Or, how did it transform into the industrial revolution? I will seek to explain or find some bearings to answer these hard questions. My analysis will be confined to a few aboriginal elements of capitalism property rights, capital accumulation, profit reason, institutions, and level of applied science and governing intervention.It is known that low labor productivity, pathetic experience, high fertility and mortality rates along with the dominance of physical over human capital plagued the pre-industrial period. The reverse is true when compared to recent societies, which is characterized by low fertility rates and extreme emphasize on human capital. What accounted for the spurts in population growth that forced the surplus labor to immigrate to the cities?With little education and sluggish engineering science there was roughly an clean level of human capital. Earnings and benefit from invest in human capital were both low, and the typical agricultural laborer earned their maximum income at age 20.. Thus, parents would choose quantity as opposed to quality in child bearing this sheds some light on the reasons population boom. High mortality rates in any case forced parents to reproduce at a high rate and began to prepare an army of labor that flourished during the industrial revolution.The number of patents issued (used as a proxy for capital accumulation) signals the rate of capital accumulation and developments in technology. Of course, these changes pale in comparison to modern standards simply it laid a erectation that was immanent to the industrial revolution. Reference was made in the overview regarding Britains culture of borrowing and improving, this also sought to cement the foundation of technological changes during this period.The pre-industrial mans desire for status and political doing along with the desire to be favored by the crown, propelled the pre-industrial age. Granted, at a diminish rate. This was mostly through with(p) through the conquering of new lands and meager changes (compared to modern standards) to productive activities. Imperfect markets were able to a trammel extent however, to fuel the industrial mans profit motives. Nevertheless, this remains one of the few underlying elements of capitalism that never wavered or seems to fade.The pre-industrial age was preserved through the family structure, and the family structure was preserved through the ownership of lands. All the essential elements of capitalism were in existence and growing in every respect during this primitive age. True, it has evolved since, hardly that is not a demerit, rather, the reason wherefore its able to survive al l these years.At the heart of this period, the crown/ conjure/ political relation played a most vital persona in industrial planning. Colonies were repose up, trade agreements were made, and many accomplishments were made in the name of the crown. The crown was very much involved in Britains development. The states role and power had changed remarkably over the years, but we include it as an essential element of capitalism to deck the crucial role of judicature in jump starting an economy.Industrialization (750-1830)The industrial revolution was essentially a fundamental change in the structure of Britains economy. It was the sincerelocation of resources away from agriculture. Britain being the first nation to frame change in the mid 18th century experienced speedy growth. These high growth rates would involve changes in every aspect of the economy.Britain rich iron, coal and reliable source of water supplypower were essential to the industrial revolution. Colonies around the world supplied Britain with raw materials e.g. cotton and wheat and served as a market place for manufactured cloth. These colonies helped to stimulate the textile and iron industries, the wealth then generated by these two industries is what drove the industrial revolution.The steam engine was the spaciousest innovation of the industrial revolution because it became an instrument for applying basic innovations in many industries and transport. In the 1800s industries such as cotton spinning and iron was dependent on the steam engine. Landowning and terra firma wealth flowed to investment for improving land and transport while commercial wealth flowed to industry.Institutions created incentives and encourage innovation for entrepreneurs. The acceleration of industrial development was facilitated by the emergence of institutions such as financial bodys, legal schemes, and favorable institutions. Since the economy was growing at a steady pace, financial systems were necessi tate to aliveness this profound change the established of the swaning system in the 1690s. The banking system began to mobilize nest egg more widely after the 1750s.The bank of England, the London private bank and the country bankers made up the banking system. The problem with capital accumulation in the 18th century was one of establishing a tube by which capital could flow from the groups who were making the savings to those who really needed the credit. During the industrial revolution laws were enforced which required all land to be fenced at the expense of the owners. This caused many families to borrow from banks.Women and children made up 75% of the workers, this was because they were easily manipulated into accepting low fee which unplowed the cost of production low and profits high. Children were preferred since they had littler hands which was often needed to fit into parts of the machines. The laissez faire approach of the government allowed capitalism to flourish. in that location was little or no government regulations imposed upon cistrony policies. In the industrial ages the states role was basically to institutionalize social and economic forces and to endure security at home and abroad in which market forces would operate.Since they worked 18hrs per day they spent no real time together as a family, hence the industrial revolution contributed to the break down of the family unit. The aliment conditions were horrible because the cities became over crowded. Families lived in factory houses. These houses had no more than three to four rooms, more than one family then had to occupy a room. Other families who couldnt afford the rent of the factory houses lived in slums with little sanitation, as a result mortality rates were high ( child mortality rates were 50%)The legal system endorsed property rights and extended the concept of property to such assets as shares, bills of exchange, bank notes and patents. There was a pyramid concerned wit h land use. At the top there were the landowners, they comprised of temporal lords, gentlemen and freeh honest-to-goders (better sort and lesser). The lesser freeholders were the ones who owned and tilled their own land. They formed the middle class, the employing class who were the backbone of the agricultural economy. The others rented their land to the second group who where the land cultivators. These land cultivators formed a mixed group which included small freeholders, owner-cultivators, the family-worked farm, the small holders and squatters. The third group, which was the lay down of the pyramid were the farm laborers the proletariats.In the 18th century government began to intervene by implementing factory act, which aimed at securing the welfare of children.Industrial revolution AnalysisThis analysis will be based on the fundamental elements of capitalism property rights, capital accumulation, profit motive, institutions, and level of technology and government intervent ion. It will answer why and how these elements changed/ developed during the industrial ages.Unlike the pre-industrial age capital accumulation wasnt as difficult. The emergence of foreign trade and the banking system made capital accumulation easier. Now the question is how and why these systems did emerge? Capital was accumulate through property ownership but also with the expansion of trade, that is as trade increased, more gold was demanded which was later provided for by gold and silver.The foundation of the bank of England in 1694 was part of a deal made between the government, (desperately short of finance in wartime) and the track merchants and financers. Capital goods industries began to emerge mainly because of worldwide industrialisation and the increased accumulation of capital through investment. This development led to mass production, and was responsible for the increase in British iron output during the 1830-1840 and continued to increase until the 1880s which als o led to an increase in the employment of coalminers. The expansion of these industries changed most of the social problems that were present in the initial phase of industrialization it gave unenlightened workers better paid jobs, and improved on the job(p) conditions which increased dramatically in the 1850s.The profit motive has been the effort force towards industrial capitalism. It encourages firms to operate more efficiently thus, promoting competition among rival firms. It served as the catalyst for production, scattering and consumption.Why did the level of technology change? Because of changing demand and the enlarged size of the markets promoted the development of new methods of production, often through innovation and adaptation of already existing technology.POST INDUSTRIALISATIONThe post modify period, is defined in this motif as that span of time in which Britains economy began to make the transmutation between what can be terminused as Industrial Capitalism to Financial Capitalism. This simply means a decline in Britains manufacturing industry and growth of the financial field.Why the manufacturing industry declined? To address this we need to view many factors the first important factor to is seen as the change in the power of the muckle that is the labor laws rectifys and the electoral laws reforms.During the early and mid years of the industrialized period there was little power for the working class, they had no right to suffrage unless they owned property. They had no voice in the workplace, no way of expressing their fury and swift and harsh actions were taken against those who refused to obey the law.. Coming to the end of the industrial period and into the post, there were a number of reforms and acts sneak ind to change this fundamental problem within Britain. prototypicly in 1871 trade unions were made legal, and they were allowed to strike. as yet it was not until 1875 that the legal act, Conspiracy and Protection of Pro perty Act, was implemented to allow workers to peacefully strike at their place of work. But after terms of revolts in the working rabble, into being came the Labor government party, and during their term (1906) they brought into being the Trade Disputes Act, which declared that unions could not be sued for damages done during a strike. In this respect, the power of the working class grew tremendously as compared to the earlier years of industrialization. But these Labor laws were not the plainly important reforms being made during this period to address the power of the people in fact they went synonymously with the reforms being made to the electoral system.In the mid 18th century, The Great repossess Act (1832) gave vote to only male householders who held a certain sum total of property. In time it was evident that this act was broadly speaking met with an outcry from the working population who paid taxes. This displeasure of the populace led to a fleck Reform Act (1867) wh ich allowed many of the working class men reinforcement in towns to cast a vote. that this system was still at fault because voting was done in the open and men were forced to stoop to pressures of their employers and landowners, that is- to vote in their interest.So upon recognition by the aforementioned, the labor government party introduce The Secret Ballot which allowed men to vote in seclusion, away from the pressures of their employers and land owners. But the second reform act was still deemed inadequate because it still failed to capture a decent proportion of the population, so came The ordinal Reform Act, in 1884.This new act now gave voting rights to adult male householders in Britain- which encompasses those living in the country areas. But with the exclusion of women, the system was still insufficient. After many womens rights movement there was a new act passed called the bulk Act of 1918 which gave voting rights to all men over the age of 21 and all women over the age of 30. This single act propelled the size of the electorate from 7.7 million to 21.8 million This was not the end however, soon after the Equal Franchise Act of 1928 gave voting rights to all women over the age of 21 on the same terms the men had. And then finally, a new Representation of the People Act gave voting rights to everyone over the age of eighteen.The changes in the electoral and labor laws caused the emergence of a new phenomenon in Britain. The wants and demands of the people were now stronger and more politicians were more eager to meet them. Given the new found power of the populace, workers were now entitled to a larger share of the Gross Domestic Product (in time to come will be addressed as GDP).The general standard of living was now a belief that could no longer be ignored the happiness of the entire Britains populace was now the centre cerebrate of all politicians and no longer only the sole happiness of the entrepreneurs. As such some manufacturers found it unprofitable to keep on running when they can no longer access cheap labor, and governments found it necessary to implement many social safety nets to keep its populace happy.As stated before, addressing why the manufacturing industry declined we need to look at many factors, so far the populaces power has been addressed. The next important issue that needs attention is that of world trade.The British economy at the beginning of the industrialized period was well noted for some of the bang-upest inventions in the world. They were at one point in time even addressed as the workshop of the world. This advantage Britain had over the world market stemmed from their corking inventions, namely the stream engine, the railway train, the coke burning blast furnace, the power loom, the spinning jenny and the water frame. In time, the increasing globalization that took place in the latter years of the industrialized period caused her to lack this advantage.Aero planes and motorcars were made by the French, German and American inventors, thus, the comparative advantage Britain held significantly declined in the later years of its industrialized period.In the early years of industrialization Britain had rich coal and iron ore near the surface, but by the mid 19th century all the cheaply accumulated coal and iron were gone. Although there were deeper reserves, the advantage of the resource endowment significantly decreased. That being said, the British population growth began to significantly slow down in the late 19th century at that critical time when the American population began to grow rapidly.The power of British rivals increased rapidly, via their population growth and innovations as such Britains power in the world market was proportionately reduced and their manufacturing industries were left behind. .Britain was deemed as lucky to procure investors within its economy to help propel it during its industrial ages. Heading steep into the 20th century it was ev ident that an agglomeration of capital was invested in foreign industries, since the British investors saw it as more profitable to establish business overseas. It was a good investment for the British entrepreneurs but it also helped develop industries abroad, those industries to rival that of Britains.The invention of the railway and the telegraph system in the mid 19th century encouraged banks to expand and establish branches distances away from the main offices. many a(prenominal) people lost money when they invested into small banks, so government regulations were introduced to make it easier for larger banking groups to be formed. There was security in any particularly large bank.In mid 19th century The bound Charter Act was introduced in order to reassure customers that their dollar invested in the bank was equivalent to gold sovereigns. This particular regulation had an enormous effect on bankers everywhere, the bigger banks became even more secure than the smaller ones, a nd as such mergers became ultimately inevitable.The Midland bank was a small bank founded in 1836 by Charles Greach. But by the late 20th century there were 200 branches of the Midland Bank stationed in London alone. It was clear mergers were now a common thing within Britains financial industry. Britains financial sector continued to grow until it became a landmark within it one of the largest and richest cities in the world London. Britain had developed other major financial institutions such as the London Stock Exchange and The Commodity Market. This city had become known as the center of the worlds finances.Britains current account deficit at the time would have led to a crisis but the foreign investments Britain had secured were more than enough to cancel out the trade deficit. It is common knowledge that Britain had fought two world wars and surprisingly enough these foreign investments helped finance the wars.Britain had run up massive debt during the number one land War, particularly with the United States of America, she had claimed to borrow an estimate of 959 million. This was not the end however even with the great lost in wealth ( round a quarter of Britains wealth was lost) there was an introduction of liberal economic policies, which pushed Britains economy further down with slow growth rates and high unemployment.The national debt had increased 11 times what it used to be. Britain also had a streak of bad debts as she could not have anticipate repayment from loans given to Russia because of the communist takeover, nor could she expect the loans she lent to France because of the war damages France had incurred.To manage her empire Britain stubborn to implement her Ten Year Rule, it stated that she did not expect to fight another war for at least ten years. As such there were major defense budget cuts to make up for the debt owed. This impact as would be expected further restricted Britains foreign policies. So the impact of the First World War significantly influenced and restricted Britains empire.Continuing into the early 20th century, Britain felt the wraith of the American economy In the 1930s Britain experienced unemployment of 22.8%, but then a decrease to 13.9% in 1936 to 10% in 1938. But also, Traditional industries such as textiles and coal mining were severely affected by the depression. So it was evident that there was even further decline in the manufacturing sector during this period. There was also deflation in the economy at the 1930s as prices for food and rent fell by approximately 15%.Into the Second World War Britain plummeted, and it emerged in greater financial upheaval. It lost about an average of 12% of its productive capacity. By the 1940s British exports were in a decline by 35% as compared to 1935. Britain had almost exhausted its gold and dollar reserves on ammunitions, raw materials and some industrial equipment. Britain had even borrowed a further $31.4 billion dollars from the United Stat es, as it was estimated near bankruptcy.So after the Second World War, Britain had lost support from the United States lend lease program, which was said to be the life support of Britain at that time. Now with its huge lost in wealth the two world wars began to take its monetary value on Britain. So after supporting Britain in the wars, countries demanded their independence, and decolonization started with Indias independence in 1947. Britain was also losing its old markets as commonwealth agreements were made to only do regional trade with local and regional entities. It is here Britain took a strong structural change from the manufacturing industry towards the services industry, in this regard many industrialized parts of Britain was left in a steady state.There were then packages with the intent of nationalization, as government tried to take hold of the economy. Devaluation of the pound was made, Britains economy still experienced low growth rates, and the new Labor government was unable to solve the problem.In came the famous Margaret Thatcher who implemented many economic reforms, leading to deregulation and privatization of major industries. Competition policy was the forefront of her ideology which replaced that of industrial policy. This resulted in high unemployment rates, but subsequently led to significant increases in growth rates.The British economy continued to experience rapid growth straight into the 1990s, with the exception for the recession experienced in the early quarters of the 1990s. Advances in technology continued to help the British economy and the conservatives kept rule until 1997, when they were taken over by Tony Blairs labor party.Blair introduced policies to reduce unemployment, gave power to the Bank of England to set interest rates and then introduced the minimum wage in Britain. But the Blair government decided to stick with the spending plans of the conservatives, and the economy kept on moving.Heading into the twenty-fir st century, the labor party increased taxes and borrowing, utilizing the money for public services. The growth rates in this era were kept constant, but the pound value fluctuated. The Britain kingdom was fairly well off, during the 21st century until it experienced the 2008 great recession, which was deemed as the worst recession since the Second World War.POST INDUSTRIALIZATION ANALYSISAs stated in the beginning, this period is defined as that in which Britains economy made a transition from a manufacturing based system to a financial based system. The aim of our paper is to understand how capitalism changed (transitioned) from the preliminary periods into this one. We have noted that this change in Britains economy was not the result of one particular factor it was the agglomeration of many important fragments. It had begun with the simultaneous changes in the populace, capital accumulation and world trade. But it was more so propelled by the impacts of the two world wars and th e many changes that stemmed from them.As compared to the earlier two periods it was realized that the people of Britain had no say in any decisions being made for the country unless they had some significant amount of capital. Due to many constitutional reforms by the state this defining phenomenon of the populace had changed. The force behind these reforms came from pressures behind new founded labor institutions such as the trade unions. The need of these institutions, however, had originally stemmed from the pressure the industrialized period placed on its laborers.The world trade had laid upon Britain an enchantment of the profit motive. But manoeuvre by policy systems and development of financial institutions the profit motive inhibited growth in Britains domestic help investment. This restriction led to a gradual decrease in Britains comparative advantage in the industrial world market. But although the profit motive had caused Britain to eventually export more than they im port, it had changed Britains national accounting figures. So the profit motive had transformed Britains economy as it became more dependent on increases in concealed trade and not so much on the production and exports of goods.Capital accumulation and the profit motive however were not the sole signatories to the reforms in Britain, its necessary to make mention of the impact of technology on the system. At the beginning of the industrial period Britain had the advantage because they had the best technology in the world. But this did not stay as such, since given time, the major inventions in the world were not British. Some argue this was because technology booms are random and usually are only directly affected by significant investments in research and development.Britain had fought two world wars and it had emerged victorious but not without its economical burdens. After the first world war Britain had to restrict is international polices as it incurred major national debt. Bu t after the Second World War, Britain was hanging on to America to keep functioning. It had lost nations out-of-pocket to demand for decolonization, and it lost world markets due to new trade restrictions from Caribbean countries.The promotion of deregulation, privatization, and competition polices let to a recovery of the economy. Monetary policies were transformed- allowing the Bank of England to set interest rates. These changes promoted massive growth of the British economy and the recovery of the system. It is also during this time frame that the government made decisions that define post industrialization today. The government set their famous safety nets in this period. They set minimum wages, increase taxes and increase their public services. These safety nets are what vastly distinguish this period from previous ones, in the two previous ages there was no concern for the well being of the British populace as compared to the post industrial age.Britains Development via Indu strializationA Critical AnalysisAs outlined in the heart of this paper Britain had traveled through three periods each leading successfully to the next. The paper seeks to illustrate how essential the fundamental elements of capitalism are to a nations development. It identifies the uniqueness of capitalism and its resilience in light of contradictory forces.There had been fierce debate over the roles of government and the effectiveness/fairness of protectionist policies in national development. Contrary to modern literature and advocates for free trade, Britains advantage in the industrial period (protection of infant industries) was maintained by strong protectionist measures and governments hand at each door step of the economy, (from the 17th to 18th centuries). The philosophy/ideology of mercantilism reigned for at least a hundred years the belief that the source of a nations wealth is through the barring of imports whilst boosting exports. This gave Britains industries an adv antage of a hundred years. Sectors were able to develop, change and reveal from their mistakes. Most importantly, they were able to become efficient and specialist within their fie